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St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children

St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children. Christine Campbell RN, BSN, MS, SANE-A/P Trauma Program Manager. What is Human Trafficking?. 2.

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St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children

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  1. St. Christopher’s Hospitalfor Children Christine Campbell RN, BSN, MS, SANE-A/P Trauma Program Manager

  2. What is Human Trafficking? 2

  3. After drug trafficking, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms trade as the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing. Dept. of Health and Human Services 3

  4. An estimated 8.1 million victims of forced labor in the world today are denied more than $20 billion due to the perpetrators of forced labor. 2008, TIP Report 4

  5. Estimates are that there are at least 12.3 million adults and children in forced labor, bonded labor, and commercial sexual servitude at any given time. IOL, 2009 5

  6. It is estimated that between14,500 and 17,500 persons are being brought annually into the United States for  various avenues of exploitation including involuntary servitude and forced prostitution. U.S. State Department 6

  7. The Trafficking Of Victims Protection Act of 2008(TVPA) defines severe forms of human trafficking as: 7

  8. Recruitment, transportation, harboring, provision or obtaining of persons for: 8

  9. a. sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or 9

  10. b. the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. 10

  11. Trafficking versus Smuggling 11

  12. Human trafficking should not be confused with human smuggling. 12

  13. Elements of human trafficking No consent Force, fraud, or coercion Transnational travel not necessary Ongoing exploitation of victims 13

  14. Elements of human smuggling Consent Crossing a national border Relationship between migrant and smuggler usually ends 14

  15. Forms of Human Trafficking 15

  16. Sex Trafficking 16

  17. Labor Trafficking 17

  18. Other Types of Work janitorial services construction nail salons dishwashers busboys food servers cashiers in fast food restaurants 18

  19. Sex Trafficking A study conducted by Free the Slaves in Washington, DC, and the Human Rights Center at the University of California, Berkeley, estimates that sex trafficking is the most common form of human trafficking in the United States. * Hidden slaves: Forced labor in the United States 19

  20. But That Does Not Happen Here!!! OR Does It??

  21. Operation Precious Cargo • 2005-2007 FBI Investigation • Investigated the Miracle Mile • Investigated the 81 Highway an Artery for Drug and Sex Trafficking • Spanned from Harrisburg to Toledo • Found 151 Victims of Sex Trafficking • 45 Children • 78 Victims were from Toledo

  22. Internet Based"I was first forced into prostitution when I was 11 years old by a 28-year-old man. I am not an exception. The man who trafficked me sold so many girls my age, his house was called "Daddy Day Care." All day, other girls and I sat with our laptops, posting pictures and answering ads on Craigslist. He made $1,500 a night selling my body, dragging me to Los Angeles, Houston, Little Rock -- and one trip to Las Vegas in the trunk of a car. I am 17 now, and my childhood memories aren't of my family, going to middle school, or dancing at the prom. They are of making my own arrangements on Craigslist to be sold for sex, and answering as many ads as possible for fear of beatings and ice water baths.”– An Open Letter from MC to Craigslist

  23. Runaways • A service provider began working with a 16-year-old girl who had recently been removed from a situation of pimp-controlled sex trafficking. The girl had been with the same pimp since she was 14 years old. The pimp controlled several underage girls, and he forced them to prostitute on a two block area. The pimp used cell phones to monitor the girls, and watched them from a car while they solicited johns.  A 19-year-old young woman, who had been recruited by the pimp when she was 15, assisted the pimp with monitoring and recruiting the young girls.  Previously the 16-year-old had been arrested for solicitation, but her pimp always paid her bail and she would return to him.  Recently, she had again been arrested, but this time she disclosed information about the pimp, and was referred to a shelter facility for services.

  24. Defining the High Risk Victim • High Risk Victim • Runaways • Multiple times • Sexually Exploited • Age • Repeat Victims • Victims of Prostitution 25

  25. NISMART • 1,682,900 per year • NISMART II estimate (via telephone survey) • 357,600 reported • 1,190,900 are endangered by: • Sexual or physical assault • Criminal companions • Drug use • Or are under the age of 13 26

  26. NISMART • 1,682,900 per year • 38% travel less than 10 miles • 31% travel 10-50 miles • 31% travel further than 50 miles • 125,400 are with a violent person • 69,100 are physically assaulted • Average age is 15-17 years • Equal numbers of boys and girls 27

  27. Victim Challenges “Compliant” victim Unique status of being both a victim and offender Prior criminal record “Perceived” love for offender Appear to be or pass themselves off as adults Drug and alcohol abuse 28

  28. Myths of Juvenile Prostitution Victimless crime They are willing participants Pays well 29

  29. Domestic Child Trafficking Victim Profile • Runaway, throw-away or walk-away • Often from dysfunctional families • History of prior physical/sexual abuse • Low self-esteem or poor self-image • Labeled bad or trouble- this is the biggest contributing factor 30

  30. Path to Victimization • The child who can least afford it, the weakest has trouble at home • Runs away from home or placement • Meets up with a pimp • Seduced through love, affection and attention • Controlled through emotional and financial security • Withholding of perceived love, affection and attention • Pressured into prostitution, turned out on the streets • Pimp maintains control through love violence and drugs • Very easy in-Very hard out!!!! 31

  31. Profile of the Pimp • “Expert” in human nature • Detects vulnerability • “Expert” in manipulation • Seduction • Coercion 32

  32. Recruitment Process Plays up the freedom and the good life Wants to alienate child from family and friends Overwhelms child with love and affection a “special relationship” Needs to make child totally dependent on him emotionally and financially Will use other girls to help n recruitment 33

  33. Turning the Child Out • Child is convinced to engage in prostitution • Love • Need for money • Force/Threats 34

  34. Controlling the Child Victim • Physical controls • Withholding perceived love, affection and attention • “Intermittent Reinforcement” Principal • Direct Supervision, violence and fear • Drugs • End of the road • Blackmail/degradation • Pregnancy 35

  35. Victim Centered Approach 36

  36. Try to talk with the individual privately. 37

  37. Try to build a relationship and gain trust. This may take time – have patience. 38

  38. Convey messages that suggest that the victim’s safety is your first priority and that help is available. 39

  39. Messages you can convey: We are here to help. Your safety is our first priority. You have a right to live without being abused. You have rights. Help is available. 40

  40. What you might be able to expect when talking with a trafficked person Denial of activities that might cause shame Difficulty describing events Emotions that do not match story Fear of law enforcement or immigration General difficulty with trust 41

  41. Little or no knowledge of rights Tips to guide your conversation Ask open-ended questions Actively listen to the individual’s story Listen for indicators, but don’t look for things that may not be there What you might be able to expect when talking with a trafficked person (cont.) 42

  42. Be patient. 43

  43. Listen for indicators of: Use of physical force or isolation False promises Deception Threats of harm or deportation Forced labor Commercial sexual exploitation 44

  44. Assessing client needs Physical safety is the first priority Interview considerations Identifying needs and how to meet them Accessing resources 45

  45. Physical Safety 46

  46. Isolate the victim from accompanying individuals. Traffickers often accompany victims. 47

  47. Try not to raise trafficker’s suspicions. 48

  48. Do not contact the individual once s/he has left your presence – provide contact information only to the victim so that s/he may contact you. 49

  49. Interview Considerations:Communication BarriersLimited or no English skillsMay be unwilling to seek or accept helpMay not perceive self as a victimCultural norms 50

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