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Evolution of Science: A Global Perspective from 1400 to Present

Explore the intellectual, social, and global aspects of scientific development, including the relationship between science and society worldwide. Delve into scientific practices and historic figures' contributions to global science history.

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Evolution of Science: A Global Perspective from 1400 to Present

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  1. Science, Technology And Society, 1400 To Present Dr Michael Bycroft and Dr James Poskett

  2. Cartoon on Guardian website, Nov 10, 2013

  3. The Economist, 21-27 Sep 2019

  4. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi2d5https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi2d5

  5. PERSPECTIVES • Intellectual - how do scientists think? • Social - what is the relationship between science and society? • Global - how has science in Europe developed in relationship with the rest of the world?

  6. Scientific practices = things scientists do

  7. Why water is clearer than vapors? • Why does hot water first contract itself (viz., in cooling), and then dilate itself before and as it freezes? • Why does salt and snow freeze other water? Why is heated water sooner frozen than raw water? • Whether there be more vapors when air is clearest? How salt hinders corruption, but fresh water helps it. • Why, though salt be heavier, yet it will mix with water and gather into grains at the top of it? -- a list of questions from notebook of English scientist Isaac Newton, written down c. 1665

  8. PERSPECTIVES • Intellectual - how do scientists think? • Social - what is the relationship between science and society? • Global - how has science in Europe developed in relationship with the rest of the world?

  9. Royal Society (1660) Claws of M. jeffersonii(1799) Trofim Lysenko (1938)

  10. Clémence Royer (1865) Glass-makers (1747)

  11. Social History of science

  12. Sociology of scientific knowledge • Causality: “concerned with the conditions which bring about belief or states of knowledge”. • Impartiality: “impartial with respect to truth and falsity, rationality and irrationality, success or failure.”. • Symmetry: “the same types of causes would explain, say, true and false beliefs”. • Reflexivity: “the patterns of explanation would have to be applicable to sociology itself”. David Bloor, Knowledge and Social Imagery (1976), p. 7

  13. Shapin and Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985) “Solutions to the problem of knowledge are solutions to the problem of social order.” Robert Boyle Thomas Hobbes Restoration Absolute Sovereign Experimentalism Mechanistic Induction Deduction

  14. PERSPECTIVES • Intellectual - how do scientists think? • Social - what is the relationship between science and society? • Global - how has science in Europe developed in relationship with the rest of the world?

  15. Global History of science

  16. Map of the sources for Isaac Newton’s Principia (1687) Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu [Compendium of Materia Medica], sixteenth-century Chinese encyclopaedia consulted by Charles Darwin in 1856

  17. Francis Williams (1745) Tu Youyou (2015)

  18. Global History of science

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