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Verbs

Verbs. Identify transitive, intransitive, linking, and helping verbs . Recognize the functions and uses of active- and passive-voice verbs . Use correctly verbs in the present, past, and future tenses. Three Types of Verbs.  Helping.  Action.  Linking. Action Verbs: Two Kinds.

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Verbs

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  1. Verbs

  2. Identify transitive, intransitive, linking, and helping verbs. • Recognize the functions and uses of active- and passive-voice verbs. • Use correctly verbs in the present, past, and future tenses.

  3. Three Types of Verbs  Helping Action Linking

  4. Action Verbs: Two Kinds Action

  5. Action Verbs: Two Kinds Action

  6. What are the transitive verbs and their objects in these sentences? • McDonald’s gave coupons to the winners. • The winners ate free Big Macs. • Please run the program a second time. • Place your trash in the bin.

  7. What are the intransitive verbs in these sentences? • Greg listened carefully to the proposal. • I worked at that job for nine years. • Before the test Jackie studied very hard. • She sang out of tune.

  8. Three Types of Verbs Action Linking  Helping

  9. Three Types of Verbs Linking

  10. What are the linking verbs and complements in these sentences? • The caller could have been Jeremy. • It was he who called yesterday. • Sheila felt bad about the news. • Max looks sharp in his new suit.

  11. Three Types of Verbs Linking Action  Helping

  12. What are the helping verbs and main verbs in these sentences? • The applicant could have arrived earlier. • It can be difficult to accept change. • Susan has run a mile in less than seven minutes. • Ben must learn his new job duties.

  13. Verb Voices: Two Categories of Transitive Verbs Active Voice Passive Voice

  14. Verb Voices: Two Categories of Transitive Verbs Active Voice Passive Voice

  15. Active Voice v. Passive Voice

  16. What are the active-voice verbs and passive-voice verbs in these sentences? • The bank stopped payment on the check last week. • Taylor discovered the losses. • The losses were discovered last week. • Statements were issued for all past-due accounts.

  17. Primary Tenses of Verbs Present-Tense Verbs Past-Tense Verbs Future-Tense Verbs Express current or habitual actions Show completed actions Show actions that are expected to occur at a later time

  18. Primary Tenses of Verbs Present-Tense Verbs Past-Tense Verbs Future-Tense Verbs The tense you see in the dictionary Generally formed by adding d or ed to the present tense of regular verbs Formed by adding will or shall to the present tense of the verb

  19. Primary Tenses of Verbs Examples Present-Tense Verbs Past-Tense Verbs Future-Tense Verbs Halle works in the Marketing Department. She worked late yesterday. She will workon that project next week.

  20. Challenges Using Primary Tenses • Third-person singular verbsrequire an -s ending. This -s ending is not added to other singular verbs. First-person singular: Ienjoytackling challenging projects. Second-person singular: You enjoytaking long walks after dinner. Third-person singular: He enjoysplaying baseball with his son. Brianna enjoysskiing in the winter. Our dog enjoyseating our leftovers.

  21. Challenges Using Primary Tenses • Timeless Facts: use present-tense verbs, even if the verbs occur with other past-tense verbs. What is (not was) the name of the person who called me yesterday? • Verbs changing form: watch for verbs ending in y and some with the final consonant doubled. Sonia hurried (not hurryed) to catch the train. What important events occurred(not occured) last year?

  22. Select the correct verb to complete these sentences. • You (plan, plans) to apply for the position, don’t you? • He (plan, plans) to apply for the position too. • What (is, was) your maiden name? • We (tryed, tried) our best to accommodate everyone. • She (refered, referred) to her earlier message.

  23. Recognize and use correctly participles, gerunds, and infinitives. • Identify and remedy dangling verbal phrases and other misplaced modifiers. • Understand and apply the subjunctive mood correctly.

  24. Present and Past Participles • To be able to use verbs correctly, you must recognize present participles and past participles. Both participles form verb phrases. Helper(s) + Main Verb = Verb Phrase

  25.  Present Participle • Present participle: formed by adding ing to the present part of the verb • When used in a sentence, the present participle is generally preceded by some form of the helping verb to be(am, is, are, was, were, be, been). The contract is lying on the desk. We are analyzing both proposals.

  26.  Past Participle • Past participle: usually formed by adding a d or t sound to the present part of the verb. • Past-participle verb phrases include the helpers has, had, or have (and sometimes could, would, and should). She has worked for many businesses. We have built a home in West Gate. Lee should have seen the red light.

  27. Verbals Three verbals are important: Gerunds Infinitives Participles

  28. Gerunds Gerund:averb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun Investing is important to our economy. (Gerund used as subject.) Travis sought a career in marketing.(Gerund used as object of preposition.)

  29. When using gerunds, be sure that nouns and pronouns modifying gerunds are possessive. Gerunds We appreciate your (not you) informing us of the error. The auditor questioned Mr. Lee’s (not Mr. Lee) traveling first-class.

  30. Infinitives • Infinitive: when the present form of a verb is preceded by to • Most basic verb form • In using infinitives, do not substitute the conjunction and for to. Try to (not and) arrive early. Check to (not and) see that the door is locked.

  31. Infinitives When using infinitives, avoid split infinitives that result in awkward sentences. AWKWARD: Angela was asked to, as soon as possible, complete the report. BETTER:Angela was asked to completethe report as soon as possible.

  32. Select the correct word(s) to complete these sentences. • We objected to (Jeff/Jeff’s) accepting the shipment without prior approval. • Be sure (to/and) set your alarm. • (a) We expect to, when all the facts are gathered, make a recommendation.(b) When all the facts are gathered, we expect tomake a recommendation.

  33. Select the correct word to complete these sentences. • We appreciate (you/your) not smoking in the building. • I saw (Susan/Susan’s) dancing when she got the contract. • I admired (Susan/Susan’s) dancing in the ballroom competition.

  34. Participle:averb form that is used with helping verbs to form present-participle and past-participle tenses • Participles can also serve as adjectives. • Avoid using participial phrases that sound awkward. Participles AWKWARD:Being as you are careful, you found the problem. BETTER:Because you are careful, you found the problem.

  35. Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers ILLOGICAL:Locked securely in the vault, only Ms. McKee had access to the jewels. LOGICAL: Locked securely in the vault, the jewels were accessible only to Ms. McKee.  Introductory Verbal Phrases. To avoid misplaced modifiers, verbal phrases must be followed by the words they can logically modify (describe).

  36. Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers ILLOGICAL:We saw a four-car accident driving to the office. LOGICAL:Driving to the office, we saw a four-car accident. • Other Verbal Phrases. To avoid dangling modifiers, verbal phrases in other sentence positions must also be placed close to the words they describe.

  37. How could this sentence be improved? • Being as you want Friday off, can you work overtime tonight? IMPROVED VERSION Because you want Friday off, can you work overtime tonight?

  38. How could this sentence be improved? • To receive a certificate, 30 credit units must be completed. IMPROVED VERSION To receive a certificate, a student (or one) must complete 30 credit units.

  39. How could this sentence be improved? • Working overtime, the printing job was finally finished. IMPROVED VERSION Working overtime, we finally finished the printing job.

  40. How could this sentence be improved? • His wallet was found by Mr. Irwin lying behind the counter. IMPROVED VERSION Mr. Irwin found his wallet lying behind the counter.

  41. Verb Moods Three verb moods express attitude toward a subject:  Indicative mood: expresses facts  Imperative mood: expresses commands  Subjunctive mood: expresses doubts, conjectures (guesses), or suggestions

  42. Subjunctive Mood Learn to use the subjunctive mood correctly in the following three constructions. Doubtful Statements That Clauses Motions

  43. When a statement that is doubtful or contrary to fact is introduced by if, as if, or wish, the subjunctive form were is substituted for the indicative form was. Doubtful Statements If I were (not was) boss, things would be different. He acts as if he were (not was) his father.

  44. Doubtful Statements BUT if a statement could possibly be true, use the indicative form. If Mr. Cavellowas at the meeting, I did not see him.

  45. Use the subjunctive verb be when a that clause follows a verb expressing a command, recommendation, request, suggestion, or requirement. That Clauses Connie Aragon suggested that all budget requests be (not are) sent to her. The doctor asked that the patient be (not is) confined to bed.

  46. Motions Use a subjunctive verb form when a motion is stated in a that clause. The treasurer moved that a survey be (not is) made.

  47. Select the correct verb to complete these sentences. • I wish I (was/were) in your position. • If Troy (was/were) here earlier, he did not sign the financial reports. • The attorney recommended that we (are/be) present at the hearing. • One member moved thatthe motion (is/be) tabled until next week.

  48. Write the correct forms of irregular verbs. • Recognize verb forms in the progressive and perfect tenses.

  49. Irregular Verbs • Regular verbs: form the past tense with the addition of a d or ed (work, worked) • Irregular verbs: formthe past tense and past participle in a variety of ways • Learn the list of irregular verbs shown in your textbook by using the pattern shown on the next slide.

  50. Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs

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