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Exploring the Americas: Origins and Encounters

Discover the peopling of continents and early interactions between Europe and the Americas. From Northeastern Asia to Mesoamerica and the impact of the Columbian Exchange. Explore the Spanish and Portuguese expeditions, colonization, and the challenges faced, including diseases and slavery. Learn about European powers such as France, the Netherlands, and England in the Americas.

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Exploring the Americas: Origins and Encounters

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  1. Discovery Chapter 1

  2. Peoplingthe Continents • Where did they come from? • Northeastern Asia • About 15,000 years ago • 13,000 B.C. • Across the Bering Strait

  3. Mesoamerica • Cultures of Ancient Mexico • Olmecs & city-building • 1500 B.C. • Mayan civilization • A.D. 200 • Mesoamerican decline • A.D. 600-950 • Aztec Empire • A.D. 1325-1500

  4. North American and the Caribbean on the Eve of European Invasion • Cultural diversity of North America

  5. The Meeting of Europe and America: Early Exploration • Leif Ericsson and the Vikings – 1000 A.D. • Basque Fishermen

  6. Forces Behind Expansion, 1450-1750 • Growth of Trade • Population Increase • Rise of National States • Religious Zeal • Technological Revolution • Greed, Conquest, Racism, and Slavery

  7. The Meeting of Europe and America:The Portuguese Wave • Prince Henry the Navigator • The Portuguese focus on Africa and Asia • Explored the Western Coast of Africa in late 1400s • All-water Route to India (Vasco da Gama). • Also explored South America in the early 1500s. • Brazil and the Plantation System • Started the European slave trade and the plantation system in their colonies to produce sugar.

  8. The Meeting of Europe and America: The Spanish • Christopher Columbus landed at San Salvador (the Bahamas) on October 12, 1492

  9. The Meeting of Europe and America: The Spanish • God (Catholic Missionaries), Gold, and Glory (Conquistadors) • Spain’s Empire in the New World -Conquistadors • Cortés and the Aztecs (1519) • Pizarro and the Incas (1531) • Encomienda system • Began transition from Central and South America to Latin America.

  10. Columbian Exchange (Great Biological Exchange) • Plants • From New World: maize, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate, chewing gum, tobacco • From Old World: rice, wheat, barley, oats, wine grapes, oranges, limes, melons, coffee, olives, bananas, sugar cane • Animals • From New World: catfish, bison, hummingbirds • From Old World: cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, rats, horse

  11. Columbian Exchange (Great Biological Exchange) • Disease • From Old World: smallpox, measles, yellow fever, malaria • From New World: venereal diseases • Rapidly devastated human populations that had no resistance to Old World Diseases, killing 50-90% of native populations • People • Intermarriage with American Indians • African slavery

  12. Challenges to Spain • France • Acadia (Nova Scotia) and Quebec • Mississippi River and New Orleans • Furs, Forts, and Fish • The Netherlands (Dutch) • New Amsterdam • England • Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke Venture (1584-1590) • Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)

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