410 likes | 603 Views
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management. Global water aspects Introduction to urban water management Basics for systems description Water transport Matter transport Introduction to water supply Water extraction Water purification Water distribution
E N D
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management • Global water aspects • Introduction to urban water management • Basics for systems description • Water transport • Matter transport • Introduction to water supply • Water extraction • Water purification • Water distribution • Introduction to wastewater disposal • Urban drainage • Wastewater treatment • Sludge treatment Urban Water Peter Krebs Dresden, 2010
Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation
Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation
Water protection Rio de Janeiro Urban Lake: Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Eutrophic state due to discharge of untreated wastewater (NZZ, 9.3.2000)
4.000 Population 1990 3.500 3.000 2.500 Population in mio ; Fraction 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 Population 2000 0 0 1 2 Oceania Africa Asia Europe North America Latin America Fraction with access to safe drinking water Continent Fraction with access to safe sanitation Access to water supply and sanitation
Sedimentation Clean water inflow Sludge disposal In-/Exfiltration Urban water system Urban region Retention Sewage retention tank Rain-runoff process Reservoir Combined sewer Water distribution Sewer system Retention tank CSO structure Infiltration Overflow Treatment Water purification WWTP Receiving water Ground water
Integrated water resources management IWRM Szenarios and systems analysis Atmosphere / Climate Nat. land use Drinking water Stagnant waters Institutional Framework Capacity Development Agriculture Wastewater Running waters Groundwater Implementation
Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation
Replacement costs for German urban water systems 500 bill. EUR Urban water systems in total Water supply / wastewater disposal 1 / 1 Average life time expectancy 50 a Annual investment need to maintain stable value: 10 bill. EUR/a
Working materials 0.08 € Energy 0.02 € Chemicals 0.01 € Wastewater charge 0.02 € Gewinnanteil/Steuergutschrift 0,19 € Wassernutzungsentgelt 0,02 € Taxes 0.05 € Raw water 0.11 € Umlage Verwaltung/Verrechnung 0,26 € Outsourcing 0.16 € Innerbetr. Verrechnung 0,08 € Personnel 0,32 € Loans 0.19 € Sonst. betriebl. Aufwendungen 0,03 € Depreciation 0.41 € Composition of drinking water price (DREWAG – Stadtwerke Dresden GmbH) Water price in Dresden appr. 2.- EUR/m³
35 29 30 27 25 25 20 % 15 9 9 10 5 0 Italy France England Denmark Germany Water Losses
Wastewater price + stormwater costs per m2 impervious area connected to sewer system 1,6 EUR/(m2connected year) in Dresden
Annual costs Fixed costs • Depreciation • Payment of interest • Personnel • Energy • Operation • Renovation, repair, spares • Disposal of sludges • Administration Overhead and running costs Fixed costs are dominant both in water supply and wastewater disposal
Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation
Roman drinking water pipes Led Clay
Modern filtration plants Pressure filtration Ultrafiltration
Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation
Mesopotamia, 3000 bC Illi (1992)
Babylon, 600 bC Illi (1992)
Cloaca Maxima, Rome Sand stone Bottom sand stonebrick walls cement roof
Rome,gully Rome
Middle ages Boccacio, Decamerone, mid 14. century (Illi, 1992)
Cholera in London (1853/1854) John Snow (1855), On the mood of Communication of Cholera