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Urban Water

Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management. Global water aspects Introduction to urban water management Basics for systems description Water transport Matter transport Introduction to water supply Water extraction Water purification Water distribution

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Urban Water

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  1. Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management • Global water aspects • Introduction to urban water management • Basics for systems description • Water transport • Matter transport • Introduction to water supply • Water extraction • Water purification • Water distribution • Introduction to wastewater disposal • Urban drainage • Wastewater treatment • Sludge treatment Urban Water Peter Krebs Dresden, 2010

  2. Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation

  3. Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation

  4. Hygiene

  5. Flood protection

  6. Water protection Rio de Janeiro Urban Lake: Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Eutrophic state due to discharge of untreated wastewater (NZZ, 9.3.2000)

  7. 4.000 Population 1990 3.500 3.000 2.500 Population in mio ; Fraction 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 Population 2000 0 0 1 2 Oceania Africa Asia Europe North America Latin America Fraction with access to safe drinking water Continent Fraction with access to safe sanitation Access to water supply and sanitation

  8. Sedimentation Clean water inflow Sludge disposal In-/Exfiltration Urban water system Urban region Retention Sewage retention tank Rain-runoff process Reservoir Combined sewer Water distribution Sewer system Retention tank CSO structure Infiltration Overflow Treatment Water purification WWTP Receiving water Ground water

  9. Integrated water resources management IWRM Szenarios and systems analysis Atmosphere / Climate Nat. land use Drinking water Stagnant waters Institutional Framework Capacity Development Agriculture Wastewater Running waters Groundwater Implementation

  10. Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation

  11. Replacement costs for German urban water systems 500 bill. EUR Urban water systems in total Water supply / wastewater disposal  1 / 1 Average life time expectancy 50 a  Annual investment need to maintain stable value: 10 bill. EUR/a

  12. Drinking water prices for centralised systems

  13. Drinking water prices in Germany

  14. Drinking water consumption

  15. Drinking water costs per year

  16. Working materials 0.08 € Energy 0.02 € Chemicals 0.01 € Wastewater charge 0.02 € Gewinnanteil/Steuergutschrift 0,19 € Wassernutzungsentgelt 0,02 € Taxes 0.05 € Raw water 0.11 € Umlage Verwaltung/Verrechnung 0,26 € Outsourcing 0.16 € Innerbetr. Verrechnung 0,08 € Personnel 0,32 € Loans 0.19 € Sonst. betriebl. Aufwendungen 0,03 € Depreciation 0.41 € Composition of drinking water price (DREWAG – Stadtwerke Dresden GmbH) Water price in Dresden appr. 2.- EUR/m³

  17. 35 29 30 27 25 25 20 % 15 9 9 10 5 0 Italy France England Denmark Germany Water Losses

  18. Wastewater price + stormwater costs per m2 impervious area connected to sewer system  1,6 EUR/(m2connected year) in Dresden

  19. Annual costs Fixed costs • Depreciation • Payment of interest • Personnel • Energy • Operation • Renovation, repair, spares • Disposal of sludges • Administration Overhead and running costs  Fixed costs are dominant both in water supply and wastewater disposal

  20. Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation

  21. Free surface flow conduits, Rome (reconstruction)

  22. Drinking water aqueduct, Segovia, Spain

  23. Pergamon, Greece, pressurised pipe

  24. Roman drinking water pipes Led Clay

  25. Wooden pipes, middle-ages

  26. Iron water conduits, Versailles, 17th century

  27. Sand stone pipes in Dresden (from 1841)

  28. Steam engine driven pumping station, Berlin

  29. Slow sand filtration, Berlin

  30. Modern filtration plants Pressure filtration Ultrafiltration

  31. Peter Krebs Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Urban Water 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation

  32. Mesopotamia, 3000 bC Illi (1992)

  33. Babylon, 600 bC Illi (1992)

  34. Cloaca Maxima, Rome Sand stone Bottom sand stonebrick walls cement roof

  35. Cloaca Maxima, Rome

  36. Rome,public latrine

  37. Rome,gully Rome

  38. Middle ages Boccacio, Decamerone, mid 14. century (Illi, 1992)

  39. France, barrel system, 19th century

  40. Cholera in London (1853/1854) John Snow (1855), On the mood of Communication of Cholera

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