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Lecture 06: Regulation of the phenomenon of life

Lecture 06: Regulation of the phenomenon of life. Lac. Operon Theory. Francois Jacob (44y) Jacques Monod (55y) Andre Lwoff (63y). Concept of mRNA. Nobel Winners in Biology in 1965. Francois Jacob. Jacques Monod. Andre Lwoff. Discovery Process. Pasteur Institute.

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Lecture 06: Regulation of the phenomenon of life

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  1. Lecture 06: Regulation of the phenomenon of life

  2. Lac. Operon Theory Francois Jacob (44y) Jacques Monod (55y) Andre Lwoff (63y) Concept of mRNA Nobel Winners in Biology in 1965 Francois Jacob Jacques Monod Andre Lwoff

  3. Discovery Process

  4. Pasteur Institute • The Pasteur Institute is one of France's most famous microbiology research institutes, it is named after the famous French microbiologist Pasteur. • Pasteur was born in 1822 in Dole, France. He got his PhD degree in 1847. His life has made ​​a significant contribution to the development of microbiology. Invented "pasteurization" to solve the problem of the deterioration of wine and milk. • Pasteur's discovery inspired the British surgeon Liszt festering the doctrine of pathogenic microorganisms in the wounds that saved countless lives.

  5. “Balde-Jacob-Monod Experiment” • In 1958 Jacob and Monod at the Pasteur Institute began close cooperation in genetics, they first induced β-galactosidase biological synthesis with genetic analysis. • And later cooperation with the American visiting biologist Aduear Balde, through the combination of experimental conditions to explore bacteria synthase. The study was made ​​important progress, known as “Balde-Jacob-Monod experiment". • This experiment demonstrates the normal male bacteria and female mutant bacteria in the synthesis of β-galactosidase, the glycosides sugar enzyme substrate. β-galactosidase induction plays a leading role, more than a structural role. Why would this happen? Which made Jacob and Monod into deeper thinking and discussion.

  6. Blockbuster • In order to explain the role of substrate-induced phenomenon they through about for three years with repeated experiments, and they speculated ultimately put forward the "operon" theory hypothesis. The hypothesis shocked the people all over the world. They found a group of genes and their function is to regulate the activity of other genes. “Operon" hypotheses for the first time from the molecular level, how cells according to environment to changes in the achieve their own material and self-regulation of energy metabolism. This discovery made ​​a great contribution to molecular biology.

  7. Section L Regulation of Transcription in ProkaryotesL1 The lac operon L2 The trp operon L3 Transcriptional regulation by alternative s factor

  8. Section N Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes N1 Eukaryotic Transcription FactorsN2 Examples of Transcriptional Regulation

  9. The Winner’s Life

  10. Francois Jacob • June 17, 1920, Francois Jacob was born in eastern France, Nancy City, He studied in the local primary and secondary schools, then came Paris, into the School of Maderno. • In 1938 Jacob admitted to the School of Medicine of the University of Paris. In 1940, his country was occupied by German forces, he was forced to flee to London. He loves his motherland, to participate in the leadership of General de Gaulle's Free French. For outstanding performance, the highest French authorities to grant him a free Cross. • After the war Jacob re-entered the School of Medicine, the University of Paris, and received his medical doctorate in 1947. Seeing the rapid development of biology, Jacob decided to study biology and received his Ph.D. in 1954.

  11. Francois Jacob • In 1950, Jacob entered the Pasteur Institute led by Dr. Andre Leiwo, In 1956, he was promoted to director of the laboratory, head of the Department of Cytogenetic in 1960. • Jacob's first major contribution was to find the plasmid DNA; second major contribution was with Monod to find that the presence of mRNA; and the most important finding is the existence of "operon“. • Jacob had many achievements, which won many scientific awards and honorary degrees. His paper “genetic regulatory mechanism of protein synthesis” has become the immortal classic paper.

  12. Jacob Nobel Lecture Dec 11, 1965

  13. Jacques L. Monod • Jacques L. Monod was born in Paris, France 1910. In 1917 Mono settled in the south of France with his parents, high school there, and had the privilege of teacher guidance. • He studied biology at the Paris Academy of Natural Sciences in 1928, obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1931, received his Ph.D. in 1941, then being the Zoological Assistant Professor in the Science Department of the University of Paris. • In 1945 he served as director of the laboratory of the Pasteur Institute, in 1953 being the director of the Department of the Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Professor of Science of the University of Paris, in 1959. He served as a professor at the College de France in 1967, and he was appointed in 1971 as the president of the Pasteur Institute.

  14. Monod Nobel Lecture Dec 11, 1965

  15. Thanks!

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