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Phase Transitions and the Perfectness of Fluids

Phase Transitions and the Perfectness of Fluids. Jiunn-Wei Chen National Taiwan U. Shear viscosity measures how “perfect” a fluid is!. Review: shear viscosity minimum bound conjecture QCD shear viscosity in the hadronic phase: (a) zero density ( w/ Eiji Nakano )

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Phase Transitions and the Perfectness of Fluids

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  1. Phase Transitions and the Perfectness of Fluids Jiunn-Wei Chen National Taiwan U.

  2. Shear viscosity measures how “perfect” a fluid is!

  3. Review: shear viscosity minimum bound conjecture • QCD shear viscosity in the hadronic phase: (a) zero density (w/ Eiji Nakano) (b) nuclear L-G phase transition (w/ Yen-Fu Liu, Yen-Han Li, Eiji Nakano) • Scalar field theory (w/ Mei Huang, Yen-Han Li, Eiji Nakano, Di-Lun Yang) • Bulk Viscosity(w/ Juven Wang)

  4. Shear viscosity Frictional force

  5. Kovtun, Son, and Starinets (’05) Conjecture: Shear viscosity / entropy density • Motivated by AdS/CFT

  6. QGP (quark gluon plasma) almost saturates the bound @ just above Tc (Teaney; Romatschke, Romatschke; Song, Heinz) • LQCD, gluon pasma (Karsc h, Wyld; Nakamura, Sakai; Meyer) QGP near Tc, a perfect fluid, SQGP • PQGP: Asakawa, Bass, Müller; Xu, Greiner

  7. QCD Phase Diagram

  8. What happens below Tc?

  9. Pion gas ChPT (chiral perturbation theory) • Non-perturbative in coupling Boltzman equation Earlier work: Prakash, Prakash, Venugopalan, Welke; Dobado, Llanes-Estrada; Csernai, Kapusta , McLerran

  10. JWC, Nakano

  11. QCD Phase Diagram

  12. The “Landscape” JWC, Li, Liu, Nakano; Itakura , Morimatsu, Otomo

  13. The “Landscape” JWC, Li, Liu, Nakano

  14. QCD Phase Diagram

  15. Cold Unitary Atoms Rupak & Schafer 2007; NRCFT 2008 Lacey et al., PRL 98:092301,2007

  16. of Water (Lacey et al.)

  17. (JWC, M. Huang, Y.H. Li, E. Nakana, D.L. Yang) 1st-order phase transition a > 0, b < 0, c > 0 2nd-order p.t.: a < 0, b > 0, c = 0 crossover: + No p.t.: a > 0, b > 0, c = 0

  18. Weak coupling • Mean field calculation • CJT formulism (Cornwall, Jackiw, Tomboulis) • Boltzmann eq.

  19. QCD Bulk Viscosity Karsch, Kharzeev, Tuchin; Meyer; JWC, Wang

  20. Bulk Viscosity Gubser, Nellore, Pufu, Rocha Li, Huang

  21. Outlook Universal and behaviors? ( reaches local minimum near p.t. reaches local maximum near p.t.)

  22. Mapping QCD phase diagram by ? Locating critical end point (Lacey)

  23. Outlook • O(1/N) effect, Higher derivative gravity, (Brigante, Liu, Myers, Shenker, Yaida; Kats, Petrov) • NR AdS/CFT Cold Unitary Atoms Rupak & Schafer 2007; NRCFT 2008

  24. Outlook just below Tc for YM

  25. f Just one minimum (a < 0)? O(N) model? Large b?

  26. Invading the bound (I) w/o flavor changing (KSS; Cohen; Cherman, Cohen, Hohler)

  27. Invading the bound (II) (T. Cohen)

  28. Invading the bound (III) Higher derivative gravity (Brigante, Liu, Myers, Shenker, Yaida; Kats, Petrov): O(1/N) effect could invade the bound. Most recently, BLMSY

  29. Question • Which shear viscosity is bigger? Liquid or gas water near 100 degree C at 1 atm?

  30. Lacey et al., PRL 98:092301,2007

  31. Cold Unitary Atoms Rupak & Schafer 2007. Lacey et al., PRL 98:092301,2007

  32. Cold Unitary Atoms Rupak & Schafer 2007. NRCFT Adams, Balasubramanian, McGreevy; Maldacena, Martelli, Tachikawa; Herzog, Rangamani, Ross 2008 Lacey et al., PRL 98:092301,2007

  33. Cold Unitary Atoms Rupak & Schafer 2007. Lacey et al., PRL 98:092301,2007

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