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THE SCOPE OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

THE SCOPE OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS. THE LEGACY OF B. F. SKINNER 1904-1990. pecking key. key lights. aperture light. Pigeon Operant Chamber. food aperture. key lights. grain hopper down.

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THE SCOPE OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

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  1. THE SCOPE OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS THE LEGACY OF B. F. SKINNER 1904-1990

  2. pecking key key lights aperture light Pigeon Operant Chamber food aperture key lights grain hopper down Rfmt = aperture light on, grain hopper up to the bottom of the food aperture. (Pigeon sticks its head into the aperture and pecks at the grain.) After 3 sec, light goes off and hopper goes back down (where grain can't be reached). treadle food aperture

  3. pecking key key lights aperture light Pigeon Operant Chamber food aperture key lights grain hopper up Rfmt = aperture light on, grain hopper up to the bottom of the food aperture. (Pigeon sticks its head into the aperture and pecks at the grain.) After 3 sec, light goes off and hopper goes back down (where grain can't be reached). treadle food aperture

  4. LEGACY OF B.F.SKINNER-THE SCOPE OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS • BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS • APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS • CONCEPTUAL ISSUES • PRINCIPAL JOURNALS • PRINCIPAL ORGANIZATIONS

  5. BASIC BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS :A SCIENCE OF BEHAVIOR • Behavior Analysis is based on the proposition that there can be a science of behavior. • Behavior Analysis is a natural science like biology, chemistry, physics, meteorology, and the like. • Behavior is a biological feature of organisms.

  6. MEN ACT UPON THE WORLD, AND CHANGE IT, AND ARE CHANGED IN TURN BY THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTION.B. F. Skinner, Verbal Behavior, 1957, p. 1

  7. CONTINGENCY • A contingency describes a relation between a context, a behavior, and a consequence for that behavior. • This concept is the fundamental explanatory device in behavior analysis. • Changes in behavior are understood and arranged through changes in contingencies.

  8. PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR • “The outstanding characteristic of operant behavior is that it can be differentiated in form and in temporal patterning by consequent events.” • Morse, 1966

  9. PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR • Behavior is very, very complex---but: • Behavior is not chaotic or without causes. • This means there can be a science of behavior. • There are orderly patterns to behavior. • These patterns are induced, in part, by contingencies.

  10. BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS • CONTINGENCES AND CONSEQUENCES Examples: Shaping, schedules of reinforcement, models of choice and self control, functional analysis of reinforcement and punishment, mathematical models of behavioral dynamics.

  11. BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS Examples: Experimental analysis of economic behavior, tests of microeconomic principles, applications to areas such as economic policy, gambling, drug abuse.

  12. BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS • BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY Examples: Drug-contingency interactions, drug discrimination, drugs as reinforcers, applications to drug-abuse treatments and basic and clinical neuropharmacology.

  13. BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY Examples: developmental neurotoxicology, teratology, detection of toxicants, behavioral assessment methods, threshold measures.

  14. SD SR Ro SD: discriminative stimulus Ro: operant class SR: reinforcer Three-term Contingency F: force m: mass dv/dt: acceleration Newton’s Second Law of Motion

  15. BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS STIMULUS CONTROL Examples: Basic discrimination and generalization, psychophysics, conceptual and relational behavior, verbal behavior, remembering, applications to the physiology of perception, learning, and memory.

  16. BASIC BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Examples: Experimental analysis of cooperation and competition. Private events and consciousness. Conceptual and interpretive analysis of cultural and governmental systems.

  17. APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS From the science to engineering: Putting behavior analysis to work.

  18. APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION Examples: Developing self-care and effective social behaviors in retarded and autistic patients, treatment of phobias, anxiety, drug abuse, compulsive gambling, weight control, behavioral safety, self injury, behavior management in schools, military, psychiatric, and prison settings.

  19. APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS EDUCATION Examples: Instructional design, precision teaching, direct instruction, personalized systems of instruction, programmed and other computer-aided instruction, robotics.

  20. APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS Examples: systems analysis, performance assessment, compensation, management systems, safety, labor relations, marketing, production systems, quality control.

  21. APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS • CULTURAL DESIGN Examples: Walden Two, Los Horcones.

  22. CONCEPTUAL ISSUES • HOW DO WE BEST TALK ABOUT BEHAVIOR? • SELECTION BY CONSEQUENCES AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION • PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE • PHILOSOPHY OF MIND AND PSYCHOLOGY • SOCIAL SYSTEMS

  23. PRINCIPAL JOURNALS JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS BEHAVIOR AND PHILOSOPHY PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LETTERS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY

  24. PRINCIPAL ORGANIZATIONS ASSOCIATION FOR BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS INTERNATIONAL CAMBRIDGE CENTER FOR BEHAVIORAL STUDIES B.F. SKINNER FOUNDATION BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY SOCIETY BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY SOCIETY AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR BEHAVIOR THERAPISTS DIVISIONS 25 (Behavior Analysis), 28 (Psychopharmacology) and 33 (Developmental Disabilities) of THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY ANIMAL BEHAVIOR SOCIETY

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