1 / 41

Boris Revich Oleg Sergeev

Boris Revich Oleg Sergeev. Center for Demography and Human Ecology of Institute for Forecasting Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Chapaevsk Central Hospital. Dioxins, PCB and human effects in some cities of Russia. Dioxins in Environment of Chapayevsk.

petula
Download Presentation

Boris Revich Oleg Sergeev

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Boris Revich Oleg Sergeev Center for Demography and Human Ecology of Institute for Forecasting Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Chapaevsk Central Hospital Dioxins, PCB and human effects in some cities of Russia

  2. Dioxins in Environment of Chapayevsk • Air. The average concentration in 1994 was 0.116 pg/m3 • Soil.

  3. Dioxins in Environment of Chapayevsk • Cow milk. Dioxins were found in all samples: 2,3,7,8-TCDD was 17.32 pg/TEQ/g fat that was significantly higher than the accepted regulatory standard in Russia (5.2 pg TEQ/g fat)

  4. Dioxins in Blood pg WHO-TEQ98/g lipids

  5. Dioxins in Breast Milk, pg TEQ/g fat

  6. Dioxin Health Effects in Chapayevsk Studies on dioxins exposure in this city population’ health developed in following directions: • Estimation of newborns sex ratio • Estimation of boys’ physical growth and sexual maturation • Estimation of medical-genetic parameters • Estimation of dioxins as a risk factor of breast cancer development • Estimation of human emotional stress

  7. Dioxins As An Endocrine Disruptors

  8. Dioxin Health Effects in Chapayevsk Sex Ratio The range of sex ratio among newborns in Chapaevsk city (1983 – 1997) (boys/girls) was from 0.79 to 1.27 with mean value of 1.03. These results match with the results of Seveso incident (Italy, 1976), seem to be associated with fewer males born than were expected [P.Mocarelli, 1996].

  9. Sex Ratio (Ufa Study) • Investigated the sex ratio of children of pesticide workers who produced the biocide trichlorophenol and the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid from 1961 to 1988 in the city of Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.

  10. Sex Ratio (Ufa Study) • The sex ratio (fraction male) of the combined cohort of 227 children from 150 male and 48 female workers was 0.40, significantly lower (z-test for proportions = 3.21; p < 0.001) than those for the city of Ufa (0.512) and elsewhere worldwide. J.J.Ryan, Z.Amirova, and G.Carrier: Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 110, Number 11, November 2002

  11. Sex Ratio • The data on Chapayevsk and Ufa have confirmed the hypothesis that the decrease in the ratio of male to female births in industrial countries was caused by dioxins.

  12. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSemen Quality Semen Analysis in Workers of Chemical Plant in Chapayevsk and in Controls[N.Goncharov et al., 1999]

  13. Animal studies have shown effects of dioxins on sexual development, serum concentrations of sex hormones and gonadotropins, and developmental malformations However, the relationship between dioxin exposure and human sexual development has not been well studied. There is epidemiological evidence of an association between dioxins and decreased levels of testosterone, as well as increased levels of LH and FSH in occupationally exposed adults.

  14. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSEXUAL AND PHYSICAL MATURATION OF MALE ADOLESCENTS Participants from USA Paige Williams, Susan Korrick, Mary M. Lee, Larisa Altshul,Jennifer Adibi, Russ Hauser Harvard School of Public Health, Biostatistics Department, Boston, MA, USA Harvard School of Public Health, Environmental Health Department, Boston, MA, USA Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Grant of EPA and CRDF

  15. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSEXUAL AND PHYSICAL MATURATION OF MALE ADOLESCENTSMethods and Materials • The first phase of the study conducted in 1999 consisted of a survey of 10-16 year old boys in Chapaevsk.

  16. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSEXUAL AND PHYSICAL MATURATION OF MALE ADOLESCENTSMethods and Materials • Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles) and hypospadias are common minor congenital anomalies of male reproductive tract development. Recently, the possibility that these minor reproductive tract abnormalities may be related to exposure to environmental contaminants, such as the hormonally active dioxins, has been raised.

  17. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSEXUAL AND PHYSICAL MATURATION OF MALE ADOLESCENTS • Among the 2580 children examined in phase one, the residential distribution for the 45 cases of cryptorchidism (1,7%), 16 cases of hypospadias (0,6%) and 139 cases of delayed sexual development (5,4%).

  18. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSEXUAL AND PHYSICAL MATURATION OF MALE ADOLESCENTS • In phase two, information on the residential address of the mother during her pregnancy and the work history of both parents prior to and during the pregnancy was available in 95 cases and 113 controls.

  19. Dioxin Health Effects in ChapayevskSEXUAL AND PHYSICAL MATURATION OF MALE ADOLESCENTS Preliminary results showed that a high proportion of the boys consumed locally grown or raised foods during their lifetime: over 70% consumed locally produced dairy products, over 50% consumed locally raised chickens or eggs, and over 80% consumed locally caught fish during their lifetime.

  20. Morphogenetic Homeostasis Fluctuating asymmetry - The Health of the Environmental Congenital morphogenetic options - The Environmental Human N.Zhuchenko, I.Ivanova Moscow Medical Academy

  21. Congenital morphogenetic options (CMGO) Complete examination of children was carried out with a view to reveal congenital morphogenetic options. 369 children (5-7 age), who visited kindergartens of Chapaevsk town located in different districts, were examined.

  22. Congenital morphogenetic options (CMGO) 87 clearly discern, according to the international criteria, CMGO were recorded. The alternative evaluation of each traits was accomplished in the survey, that is, the extreme forms of a manifestation of one attribute or another without anthropometry were taken into account.

  23. Congenital morphogenetic options (CMGO) The CMGO number per one child varied from 0 to10. The average number of CMGO per one child was equal to 4,5 for boys and 4,4 for girls, and these values were more than those obtained in other ecologically unfavorable regions in Russia Chernobyl area.

  24. Congenital morphogenetic options (CMGO) The following attributes are among the most frequently occuring ones: sandals chack, epicantus, shawl scrotum (for boys), clinodactyly, broad first fingers of hands and others. Damages of skin and trunk are among the most frequently encountered, but damages of the mouth are met rarely.

  25. Cytogenetic Homeostasis Cytogenetic Investigation of Women Exposed to Different Levels of Dioxins in Chapayevsk Town J.Revazova et al. Chemosphere. – 2001. – vol.43. – PP.999 –1004

  26. Cytogenetic Homeostasis The highest mean number of metaphases with CA (5.84%) was in the “Workers” group, “1 – 3 km” – 5.35% and “5 – 8 km” – 4.91%. The tendency to decrease of the total number of chromosome aberrations per 100 cells among the groups “Workers” – “1 – 3 km” – “5 – 8 km” was similar to that for the number of cells with chromosome aberrations and was expressed more clearly.

  27. Cytogenetic Homeostasis Results of analysis of CA in peripheral blood lymphocytes of women exposed to different levels of dioxins

  28. Cytogenetic Homeostasis It was noted that the most number of individuals with the frequency of aberrant cells more than 5.0% was observed in the group “Workers”. The number of persons with aberrant metaphases more than 5% was significantly higher in “Workers” compared to “5 – 8 km” (χ2 = 4.24; p < 0.05).

  29. Dioxins and Breast Cancer

  30. Dioxins and Breast Cancer Epidemiological evidence supports the link between exposure to organochlorines and breast cancer. The results of epidemiological research on environment risk factors and breast cancer vary, but in certain case - control studies the role of these factors has been confirmed.

  31. Organochlorines simulate or mimic sex hormones that may be mentioned as causes of some types of cancer. However, one point on which all investigators agree at this time is that the greater the lifetime exposure to estradiol, the greater the risk of breast cancer developing. An increase in risk is seen if the estrogen exposure occurs during the fetal, rapid breast formation time, pregnancy or menopause periods. Dioxins and Breast Cancer

  32. Dioxins and Breast Cancer In Chapayevsk all alive breast cancer patients born after 1940 year were included in the case-control study to investigate the role of established breast cancer risk factors and to estimate the possible dioxin exposure. The response in case group was 65 persons.

  33. Dioxins and Breast Cancer The selection of controls was taken from the general medical insurance database. This group will be matched by age. For the higher reliability the ratio of number cases/controls was 2:1.

  34. Dioxins and Breast Cancer A special questionnaire was developed and it included questions on birthplace, occupation and residence of women and their parents, diet, lifestyle, reproductive function, medical history and other questrions.

  35. Dioxins and Breast Cancer Odds Ratios (OR) for breast cancer risk factors

  36. PCB and Environmental Health • PCB exposure on health is studied in details in Serpukhov, where condensers infill with PCB had taken place. Even 10 years after the use of PCBs at the plant had been banned, the levels of soil and produce contamination are still extremely high.

  37. PCB and Environmental Health • Near the plant, the maximum PCB concentration in soil was 30 mg/kg dry weight. The PCB content in carrots (washed) grown on the polluted soils was 2350 g/kg wet weight and 1500 g/kg in peeled carrots. Very high concentrations were found in leafy vegetables: 2500 and 1490 g/kg wet weight in celery and parsley, respectively.

  38. PCB and Environmental Health • The admissible daily dose of PCB intake is 5 g/kg human body weight (WHO, 1988). The greatest concern is caused by contamination of carrots. Consumption of 250 – 300 g of carrots grown on the soils near the plant was equal to a daily PCB dose.

  39. PCB and Environmental Health.Serpukhov Study Relative risk of disruptions in reproductive function and newborn’s health defects in various parts of Serpukhov

  40. PCB and Infertility. Serpukhov Study • Cases had significantly higher mean serum PCB concentrations compared with controls (2.0 versus 1.5 ng/g, p=0.03). • When adjusted for serum lipid, age, and frequency of intercourse, the mean PCB serum concentration for cases was 465 ± 39 ng/g lipid compared to 429 ± 38 ng/g lipid for controls (p=0.54).

  41. PCB and Infertility. Serpukhov Study • In logistic regression models adjusted for age and frequency of intercourse, there was a 1.7 increased odds (95% CI 0.9 to 3.3) of being a case for each ng/g increase in serum PCB and a 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 1.4) increased odds of being a case for each ng/g lipid increase in serum PCB [S.Korrick, B.Revich et al., 1998].

More Related