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Effect of Physical Changes in Vegetation and Air on Allergic Disease Development

Effect of Physical Changes in Vegetation and Air on Allergic Disease Development. Dr. Ayşe Bilge ÖZTÜRK. TTD 16th Annual Congress. Conflict of Interest. I have no conflict of interest. Global Warming.

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Effect of Physical Changes in Vegetation and Air on Allergic Disease Development

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  1. Effect of PhysicalChanges in VegetationandAir on AllergicDiseaseDevelopment Dr. Ayşe Bilge ÖZTÜRK TTD 16th Annual Congress

  2. Conflict of Interest • I have no conflict of interest.

  3. Global Warming Average global temperatures are expected to increase by 1.4-5.80C between 1900-2100. P.J Beggs. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34:1507-13.

  4. Theaveragetemperature in 2071-2100 would be 4-50C higherforcoastalregions 5-60C higherforinlands of Turkeycomparingtotheaveragefor 1961-1990. Demir İ, ve ark. PRECIS bölgesel İklim Modeli ile Türkiye için İklim Öngörüleri: IV. Atmosfer Bilimleri Sempozyumu, 2008, Bildiriler Kitabı, 365-373. TC. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. İklim Değişikliği ve Yapılan Çalışmalar 2008.

  5. Climate Change Effects • Extreme weather events • Change in sea levels and water sources • Heat waves • Loss of biodiversity • Desertification TC. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. İklim Değişikliği ve Yapılan Çalışmalar 2008.

  6. HealthEffects of ClimateChange • Thermalstress • Floodsanddroughts • Airpollution • Infections • AirwayDisease • AllergicDisease TC. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. İklim Değişikliği veYapılan Çalışmalar 2008.

  7. Increase in airpollutants • Changes in aeroallergens • Time • Distribution • Amount Increase in CO2 concentration Increase in airtemperature HealthEffects Allergicrhinitis AsthmaAttack AtopicDermatitis P.J Beggs. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34:1507-13.

  8. Impacts of climateChange on aeroallergens Pollenamount • Increases in pollen associated with increases in CO2 concentration and/or temperature. • Increase in temperature in Denmark and Switzerland at the end of 1900s-increasing amount of pollen • Positive correlation between total pollen count in a year -temperature increase in July between 1983-1998 in Japan. Beggs PJ. Clin. Exp Allergy 2004;34:1507-13.

  9. PollenAllergenicity • Major Birch pollen allergen Bet v1 • If daily mean temperature were on average 1.0-2.50C different during the growing season • Stronger allergenicity at high temperatures Ahlholm JU, et al. Clin Exp. Allergy 1998;28:1384-8. • Heterogeneity of pollen proteins within individual Betula trees • Regionaldifferences • ExtractsfrombranchesfacingsouthhavehighIg-E bindingcapacity • Hjelmroos M. et al. Int. ArchAllergyImmunol 1995;108:368-76.

  10. PollenSeason An increase in cumulative temperatures over 5.50C in January, February, and March; A trend to earlier pollen seasons in UK. Emberlin J. et al. Int J Biometeorol 2002;46;159-70. Warming over the period 1981-2000 in Italy; • increase of 20 days for pollen season length and early beginning of pollen season • Frenguelli G. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2002;57:141-3Int J Biometeorol 2002;46;159-70.

  11. PlantandPollenDistribution Long term response to climate change (50-100 years) • Disribution shifts in some species • Extinctions in some cases • Betula, Olea ve Parietaria distrubution will extend by a several hundred kilometres to northern hemisphere. • Oak, hickory, pine tree species will increase in America. • Wind speed, direction, rainfall and humidity • Dust storms, hurricanes Beggs PJ. Clin. ExpAllergy 2004;34:1507-13. Reid CE. Et al. Ecohealth 2009; 12:1-13.

  12. PlantAttributes

  13. Otheraeroallergens • Increase in fungi spores • Seasonal Alternaria spore concentration in UK showed a distint upward trend between 1970-1998. • Earlier seasonal start (from late June to early June) • High temperature-increase in cockroaches Corden JM. et al. Aerobiologia 2001;17:127-36.

  14. CO2 Othergreenhousegases Temperature otherclimate changes Humanactivities Lord of therings Of coursemyfriends, it is likelythat wegotoourdoom.

  15. Ekstreme Whether Events and Aeroallergens Severe whether events such as thunderstorms and huricanes; • Higher rates of asthma attack and rhinitis • Pollen grains burst –easly enter the lower airways • Increase in Didymella, Cladosporium ve Alternaria spores • Increase in asthma related ED visits and hospitalisations • Extensive mold growth inside-outside of the buildings • Increase in dust particles and air pollutants Reid CE. et al. EcoHealth 2009;6:458-70.

  16. AirPollutants, ClimateChangeandAeroallergens • O3 inflammatory effect • PM ve SO2 transporter for pollens • Increase in allergen release • Prolong the retention of pollens in the airways • Increase in O3 air level-increase in aeroallergen concentration polen yoğunluğundaki artış ile ilişkili • Increase in air pollutants-increase in asthma ED visits Reid CE. et al. EcoHealth 2009;6:458-70.

  17. ClimateChangeAndAllergicDiseases • Accordingto WHO data globally 300million peoplecurrentlyhaveasthmaandquarter of thesediefromasthmaannually. • AllergicRhinitisprevelance : 5% in 1950s 12% in 1990s 15 % in 2000 Explosion in asthmaandallergies Shea KM. et al. J AllergyClinImmunol 2008;122:443-53.Nihlén U. et al. Allergy 2006; 61(11):1299-304.

  18. AirQuality-AsthmaandAllergyAssociation Increase in NO2,O3, PM levels • Increase in asthma and allergic disease prevelance • Decrease in lung functions • Increase in respiratory infections Increase in PM level • Increase in asthma related hospitalisations Increase in O3 level • Increase in ED visits related to asthma in childen • Agressive response to allergens • New onset of asthma • Increase in mortality Reid CE. et al. EcoHealth 2009;6:458-70.

  19. Thunderstormes-Fires-ThermalStressandAllergicDisease • Hot and humid enviroment-higher rate of eczema • Higher rate of asthma and allergic rhinitis attacks- severe whether events such as hurricains and thunderstorms • Thermal stress-higher rate of mortality in elderly patients having respiratory disease

  20. What about in Turkey? Theaverageannualtemperatureincrease is associatedwith; • Asthmaandwheezingprevalance in bothsexes Inwomen; • Asociatedwitheczemaprevalance Annualincrease in humidity is asociatedwith • Asthmaincidence in women Metintas S, Kurt E. Int J Environ Health Res 2010:1-11.

  21. Solutions for Adaptation • Draw attention about impacts of climate change • Development of strategies to reduce greenhouse gases. • Indoor and outdoor air quality standarts. • Development of political initiatives to encourage adaptation to climate change. • Giving information about infectious and respiratory diseases due to climate change to helth care workers. • Development of new studies reflect our country’s perspective.

  22. TEŞEKKÜRLER Teşekkürler

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