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Experiment 7 The Gas Constant

Experiment 7 The Gas Constant. Purpose and Goals. To determine the gas constant R, by collecting H 2 produced when a known amount of Mg reacts with acid. Principles. According to the ideal gas law, PV=n RT (1) Rearrange the equation, R=PV/ n T (2)

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Experiment 7 The Gas Constant

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  1. Experiment 7The Gas Constant

  2. Purpose and Goals • To determine the gas constant R, by collecting H2 produced when a known amount of Mg reacts with acid.

  3. Principles • According to the ideal gas law, PV=n RT (1) • Rearrange the equation, R=PV/ n T (2) if P,V, n,T are known, we can calculate R by equation (2).

  4. In this experiment • P : pressure of H2, PH2=Pbar- PH2O • V: volume of H2 collected • n: moles of H2 • T: absolute temperature (K)

  5. Procedure Prepare the solutions: • Solution 1: 50 ml H2O + 10ml 6M HCl ( used for reaction) • Solution 2: 90 ml H2O + 10 ml solution1 (used for cleaning of Mg ribbon)

  6. Procedure (cont.) • Submerse a 100 ml cylinder and a 1000 ml beaker in the sink. Make sure that there are no bubbles in the top of the cylinder. Keep the cylinder inverted when they are removed from the water

  7. Procedure (cont.) Put the rubber hose inside the cylinder.

  8. Procedure(cont.) • Clean the Mg ribbon with solution 2 • Take the metal out, rinse and dry it • Weigh out about 0.070g~0.075g of Mg, record the mass

  9. Procedure(cont.) • Place 12 ml solution 1 into the test tube, then the weighed Mg ribbon • When all the Mg disappears, record the volume in ml. • After you finish experiment, record the barometric pressure and room temperature Do not let Mg react with acid. tilt the test tube at an angle, put in the metal,insert the rubber stopper, then turn the test tube upright

  10. Reminders • Water level inside and outside cylinder are even. • Always wear the safety goggles

  11. Calculations R=PV/nT (1) PH2 (torr) =Pbar- PH2O Pbar : given on board in torr PH2O: given on page7- 4 in torr. PH2(atm)=P torr / 760 (torr/atm) (2) VH2(L),change milliliter to liter dividing by 1000 ml/L

  12. Calculations(Con.) (3) n moles of H2 Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2 1 1 mass/24 n (4) T absolute temperature T (K) = t ° (centigrade) + 273 The unit of R is atm.L/ mole.K

  13. Calculations(Con.) (5)Average value of R = (R1 + R2 + R3)/3 % Error = (average R - 0.0821)x100% 0.0821 Accepted R is 0.0821 atm. L/mole .K

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