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Library Research Practices in Education

Library Research Practices in Education. Lecture Four: Steps 3 and 4. Review from Lecture Three. Does one look for facts, or opinions, or both when conducting a literature search? What is the difference between primary and secondary sources of information?

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Library Research Practices in Education

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  1. Library Research Practices in Education Lecture Four: Steps 3 and 4 INST 250/4

  2. Review from Lecture Three • Does one look for facts, or opinions, or both when conducting a literature search? • What is the difference between primary and secondary sources of information? • What Boolean operator may be used to increase search results? • Why does one need to use brackets when using multiple operators in a keyword search statement? INST 250/4

  3. Lecture Four: Outline • Library of Congress Subject Headings • Conducting a Subject search on CLUES • Using Subject Headings • Searching for Reference Books: Bibliographies • Searching Other Sources for Books • Step 4: The Working Bibliography • Creating your own library of references in RefWorks INST 250/4

  4. Library of Congress Subject Headings Standard list of subject headings used in most North American academic library catalogues INST 250/4

  5. Library of Congress Subject Headings • LCSH - abbreviation • Definition: Controlled vocabulary • Usually, at least three LCSH terms are added to each library catalogue record, describing the main subjects covered in the work. INST 250/4

  6. Thesaurus terms • “A collection of concepts or words arranged according to sense; also (U.S.) a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms.” • OR • “A classified list of terms, esp. key-words, in a particular field, for use in indexing and information retrieval.” From Oxford English Dictionary Online http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/200648?redirectedFrom=thesaurus#eid INST 250/4

  7. Hierarchical relationship of headings INST 250/4

  8. LCSH Subdivisions • Topical • Limits the concept expressed by the main heading to a subtopic • Example: Literacy –- Government Policy • Form • Indicates the form of the material and is added at end • Example: Literacy -- Encyclopedias • Chronological • Limits a heading to a particular time period • Example: Canada -- History -- 1945 • Geographic • Limits a heading to a geographic location • Example: Literacy –- England –- History –- To 1500 INST 250/4

  9. LC Authorities http://authorities.loc.gov/ INST 250/4

  10. LCSH advantages • Subject headings will be the same for all university & college library catalogues • May suggest other subject headings that may be relevant – EXPLORE • Disadvantages: Some headings may be too recent to be listed, or they may not be specific enough for your topic. INST 250/4

  11. CLUES - http://clues.concordia.ca/ • Cannabis evolution and ethnobotany INST 250/4

  12. Using LCSH • Browse the results of your Keyword search, looking in the Subject Heading field of relevant records. • Click on the LCSH to search for other records in the catalogue that have been assigned this heading. • Alternatively, enter the LSCH terms into the advanced search option on CLUES. INST 250/4

  13. Subject Searching: Basic INST 250/4

  14. Subject Searching: Advanced • Use Advanced search option • Allows a building block approach whereby a subject search can be combined with a keyword search. • Use Limitoptions to narrow results INST 250/4

  15. CLUES Exercise • Perform a Keyword search on your two main concepts. • Browse through the results looking for relevant hits • Then scan the Subject Heading field to look for a relevant subject heading that describes your topic. • Explore the subject heading links. • Browse through your results. INST 250/4

  16. Combining Subject and Keyword INST 250/4

  17. Bibliographies • A list of works on a specific subject or research topic • Listed at the end of a research paper, encyclopedia article, book, scholarly article or thesis • Also published in book form: • Lists works (articles, books, dissertations, reports etc.) on a specific subject • Provides the groundwork for researchers • Sometimes located in the Library’s reference collection • Annotatedbibliographiesprovide evaluative summaries for each entry • Web sites: a list of hypertext links surrounding a common subject or theme INST 250/4

  18. Bibliographies: Advantages Bibliographies are useful when conducting research as they provide the groundwork for research on a specific subject or topic. Watch for currency, however. INST 250/4

  19. Locating Bibliographies • How many bibliographies are there in the Concordia Library? • What is the Subject heading that should be used to search for this type of book? INST 250/4

  20. Locating Bibliographies - ? INST 250/4

  21. CLUES exercise • Conduct a Subject search using your keywords and Bibliography in the subject heading. • Now try Encyclopedias • Now try Dictionaries INST 250/4

  22. Subject vs Keyword Searches • Subject search • Matches on the subject heading field only • Requires the use of the authorized LCSH term • Is a more precise way of searching • Keyword search • Scans the title, notes, contents, series, technical notes and subject heading fields • Uses natural language in the form of keywords • More flexible way of searching INST 250/4

  23. Consulting eBookshttp://library.concordia.ca/research/internet/ebooks.php • Concordia provides access to a growing collection of books available in electronic form. INST 250/4

  24. Searching Other Catalogues • CLUES homepage – follow Find Books, Articles  Online Reference  Library Catalogues • http://library.concordia.ca/research/internet/otherlibraries.html • When performing a Subject search, use the same subject headings INST 250/4

  25. CREPUQ Card • Allows you to borrow books from other universities in Quebec and Canada. • Obtain a CREPUQ card at the Circulation desk. • http://library.concordia.ca/services/circulation/crepuq.html INST 250/4

  26. ILL Service • Using Inter-library loans • Access Colombo: http://library.concordia.ca/research/ill/ • Use when McGill and other local universities do not have an item InterLibrary Loan=ILL • Requires a barcode and PIN • View video: http://library.concordia.ca/help/fyiflix/colombo/colombo.html INST 250/4

  27. Summary • Consult CLUES for material directly related to your research topic • Compare Keyword vs Subject strategies • Number of books retrieved will depend on topic – Limit by date • Consider searching other Library catalogues • Use inter-library loans for material located outside of Concordia • Obtain a CREPUQ card to use to borrow from Quebec University Libraries INST 250/4

  28. Search out Information links • When browsing through the results of your searches, click on the title of potentially relevant items and; • Scan the bibliographic information for each potentially relevant item. Look at the date, the publisher and the description field. • Click on More inside to learn more about the author of the book or to read a book review. INST 250/4

  29. The Research Process • Select your topic • Develop a preliminary thesis • Conduct a literature search • Create a working bibliography • Evaluate sources • Write the final thesis • Prepare the paper & bibliography INST 250/4

  30. Step 4: Working Bibliography A preliminary list of sources on your thesis statement • The list will change as sources are added and deleted during the literature search • Arrange alphabeticallyby author • Do not include tools that were used to locate a source ( e.g. CLUES) • Should be created in RefWorks INST 250/4

  31. RefWorks • Available to all Concordia students • Used to compile, manage and store citations for your working bibliography INST 250/4

  32. RefWorks • Ability to receive references directly from your database search • Can manually add records – e.g. for websites • Can sort, search, edit (add notes) • Attach PDFs to reference • Formats references according to citation style • Creates bibliography for you! INST 250/4

  33. RefWorks • RefWorks INST 250/4

  34. Adding to Your Working Bibliography • Marked items from CLUES can be exported to your RefWorks database • Review and edit entries within RefWorks to ensure information is complete and accurate • Has the correct Ref Type been selected (e.g. is a book entry using the Book Ref Type)? • Has information been transferred into the correct field? • Have you manually entered the Source that was used to locate the item (i.e. CLUES), the date you retrieved it, and your personal notes? INST 250/4

  35. Working Bibliography • Information to be documented will vary based on the type of reference. INST 250/4

  36. Review • Step 3 – Library catalogue • Conducting a subject search • Locating bibliographies and other reference material • Step 4 - Working bibliographies • Use RefWorks to store, manage and output citations • Watch accuracy and completeness of information • Output to Word and edit document before printing • Next week: Locating periodical articles INST 250/4

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