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Nisus and Euryalus

Nisus and Euryalus. Hyrtacides Nisus Euryalus Aeneas Volcens Turnus Pallanteum Rhamnes Latinus Iulus Rutulians Evander Trojans. At the start of the story…… Where is Aeneas? Why? What has happened during his absence? Which god has caused the problems?.

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Nisus and Euryalus

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  1. Nisus and Euryalus

  2. Hyrtacides Nisus Euryalus Aeneas Volcens Turnus Pallanteum Rhamnes Latinus Iulus Rutulians Evander Trojans

  3. At the start of the story…… • Where is Aeneas? • Why? • What has happened during his absence? • Which god has caused the problems?

  4. Nisus said to Euryalus: ‘Is it the gods who put this ardour into our minds, or does every man’s irresistible desire become his god? My mind is not content to rest in peace and quiet but has long been driving me to rush into battle or into some great enterprise. You see the Rutuli there with just a few scattered lights piercing the darkness, how sure they are of everything, lying sunk in sleep and wine, and silence everywhere. Just listen to what I am thinking and to the plan beginning to form in my mind. The people and the fathers, they are all clamouring for Aeneas to be summoned and messengers sent to tell him exactly what is happening. If they promise to give you what I ask – all I want is credit for the deed – I think I can find a way round the foot of that hill to the city of Pallanteum.’ • What is the war? • Why does he what to go to Pallanteum? • What creates foreboding of problems to come? • Who is speaking?

  5. cetera per terras omnis animalia somno laxabant curas et corda oblita laborum : ductores Teucrum primi, delecta iuventus, consilium summis regni de rebus habebant, quid facerent quisve Aeneae iam nuntius esset.stant longis adnixi hastis et scuta tenentescastrorum et campi medio. • How does Virgil stress the peacefulness of the scene 1-2? • How does he suggest the importance of the council and alertness of the Trojans?

  6. tum Nisus et una    Euryalus confestim alacres admittier orant; rem magnam pretiumque morae fore. primus Iulus accepit trepidos ac Nisum dicere iussit. • How does Virgil convey N&E’s rush? • What is their state of mind?

  7. tum sic Hyrtacides: 'audite o mentibus aequis Aeneadae, neve haec nostris spectentur ab annis quae ferimus. Rutuli somno uinoque soluti conticuere; locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi, qui patet in bivio portae quae proxima ponto. • Who is speaking? • How does V convey the speaker’s urgency? • What is a ‘locum insidiis’? • Why are these geographical details given? • Which phrase here have we already heard?

  8. interrupti ignes aterque ad sidera fumus erigitur; si fortuna permittitis uti                quaesitum Aenean et moenia Pallantea, mox hic cum spoliis ingenti caede peracta adfore cernetis. nec nos via fallet euntes: vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem venatu adsiduo et totum cognovimus amnem.'  • How does Virgil suggest that the scheme may go wrong? • How does he create suspense? • What are the Latin words for: slaughter, got to know, hunting, spoils, deceive • What is Iulus’ response to this? What does E ask?

  9. protinus armati incedunt; quos omnis euntes primorum manus ad portas, iuvenumque senumque, prosequitur votis. nec non et pulcher Iulus,                ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem, multa patri mandata dabat portanda; sed aurae omnia discerpunt et nubibus inrita donant. • How do the opening lines reflect the swift action of N&E? • Describe what then happens? What effect does this create? • How is Iulus described? Why? • What does he give to N&E? What happens to them? • How does Virgil use language to emphasise the loss? • How is pathos created in this passage? • And foreboding?

  10. egressi superant fossas noctisque per umbram castra inimica petunt, multis tamen ante futuri        exitio. passim somno vinoque per herbam corpora fusa vident, arrectos litore currus, inter lora rotasque viros, simul arma iacere, vina simul. prior Hyrtacides sic ore locutus: • What time of day is this? • How does Virgil create a sense of danger in lines 1-3? • Which place is he describing? • How does Virgil stress the disorder of the scene?

  11. 'Euryale, audendum dextra: nunc ipsa vocat res.     hac iter est. tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobisa tergo possit, custodi et consule longe;haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam.‘ sic memorat uocemque premit, simul ense superbumRhamnetem aggreditur, qui forte tapetibus altis           exstructus toto proflabat pectore somnum. • Who is speaking to whom? • What is the speaker’s main point? • How does Virgil reflect this in the style of the Latin? • Which jobs are assigned to each person? • Who is Rhamnes? • How is the aggression of the speaker conveyed? • How is Rhamnes’ sleepy state reflected in the Latin? • What happens next? Which images occur? • What does E do?

  12. iamque propinquabantcastris murosquesubibantcum procul hos laevo flectentes limite cernunt,et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbraprodidit immemorem radiisque aduersa refulsit. haud temere est visum. conclamat ab agmine Volcens:  • Who does this passage describe? • What is a galea? • How is E described? How is this word emphasised? How does this make us feel about him? • How is the flashing of the helmet in the darkness reflected in the Latin? • How does the final line create impact?

  13. haud temere est visum. conclamat ab agmine Volcens:  ‘state, viri. quae causa viae? quive estis in armis? quove tenetis iter?' • How does this speech convey the urgency and aggression of the speaker? • What now happens?

  14. saevit atrox Volcens nec teli conspicit usquam         auctorem nec quo se ardens immittere possit. 'tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas persolves amborum' inquit; simul ense recluso ibat in Euryalum. • What are Volcens’ emotions? Why does he feel like this? • How does his speech convey his emotion? • He then makes for E straight away. How does the Latin convey his speed? • Why is E’s name left till the end?

  15. tum vero exterritus, amens, conclamat Nisus nec se celare tenebris       amplius aut tantum potuit perferre dolorem: 'me, me, adsum qui feci, in me convertite ferrum, o Rutuli! mea fraus omnis, nihil iste nec ausus nec potuit; caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor; tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.'        • What are N’s emotions? • How does Virgil reflect these through the style of the Latin? • Is what N says in line 69 true? • How does this passage create pathos?       

  16. talia dicta dabat, sed viribus ensis adactustransabiit costas et candida pectora rumpit.volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artusit cruor inque umeros cervix collapsa recumbit: purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro            languescit moriens, lassove papavera collodemisere caput pluvia cum forte gravantur. 1. N’s words are met by force. How does Virgil convey this? 2. How does Virgil create pathos at E’s death? 3. What makes the simile appropriate to its context?

  17. at Nisus ruit in medios solumque per omnis Volcentem petit, in solo Volcente moratur. quem circum glomerati hostes hinc comminus atque hinc          proturbant. instat non setius ac rotat ensem fulmineum, donec Rutuli clamantis in ore condidit adverso et moriens animam abstulit hosti. tum super exanimum sese proiecit amicum confossus, placidaque ibi demum morte quievit.    • How is N’s concentration on attacking Volcens conveyed? • How is the passion and violence of his attack suggested? • How is Volcens characterised at this point? • How is the pathos and peacefulness of death conveyed?

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