Managing External Environment in Organizations

1. 自我介紹 姓名：黃彥賓 求學過程：屏東高中→中山大學企管系→交通大學運管所 屏東人 興趣：看nba、電影、日劇 指導教授：任維廉 教授 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

2. CHAPTER 4THE EXTERNAL EVIORNMENT 報告學生：黃彥賓 任課老師：任維廉 教授 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

3. The Organization Environment • All the elements that exist outside the boundary of the organization • Potential to affect all or part of the organization • Domain is the chosen environmental field of action • Sectors or subdivisions that contain similar elements 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

4. An Organization’s Environment 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

5. The Task Environment Sectors that the organization interacts with directly to achieve goals • Industry sector • market sector • Raw Materials sector • Human Resources sector • International Sector 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

6. General Environment Sectors that might not have a direct impact on the daily operations of a firm • Government sector • Sociocultural sector • Economic conditions • Technology sector • Financial resources 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

7. International Environment • Can directly affect many organizations • Has grown in importance • Distinction between foreign and domestic operations • All organizations face domestic and global uncertainty Organizations must cope with and manage uncertainty to be effective. 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

8. Dimensions of the Environment • Simple-complex: heterogeneity; the number of dissimilarity of external elements • Stable-Unstable: whether elements in the environment are dynamic 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

9. Framework for Assessing Environmental Uncertainty 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

10. Adapting to a Changing Environment • Organizations need the right fit between internal structure and the external environment • Adding Positions and Departments • Boundary-spanning roles • Differentiation and Integration • Organic vs. Mechanistic Management Process • Planning, Forecasting, and Responsiveness 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

11. Mechanistic and Organic Forms • Tasks are specialized. • Tasks are rigidly defined. • Strict hierarchy of authority and control. • Knowledge and control of tasks are centralized. • Communication is vertical • Employees contribute to the common task of the department. • Tasks are adjusted and redefined through teamwork. • Less hierarchy of authority and control. • Knowledge and control of tasks are located anywhere in the organization. • Communication is horizontal. 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

12. Organizational Departments Differentiate to Meet Needs of Sub-environments 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

13. Contingency Framework for Uncertainty and Organizational Responses 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

14. Dependence on External Resources • means organizations depend on the environment • Strive to acquire control over resources to minimize dependence • Organizations are vulnerable if resources are controlled by other organizations • Minimize vulnerabilities • Will team up with others when resources are scarce 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

15. Influencing External Resources • Balance linkages and independence • Reach out and change or control elements in the environment • Establish favorable relationships with key elements of the environment • Shape the environment by influencing key sectors 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

16. Organizing Strategies for Controlling the External Environment Establish Formal Relationships • Acquire ownership stake • Joint ventures and partnerships • Lock in key players • Recruit executives • Tell your story Influencing Key Sectors • Change where you do business • Use political activity, regulation • Join in trade associations • Avoid illegitimate activities 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

17. Environmental Characteristics and Organizational Actions 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓

18. DISCUSSION • 1.Boundary-spanning roles • 2.Complex+ staple 的不確定性為何小於simple+unstable? • 3.組織對於不確定性的回應 一定要如課本所言? 交通大學 運管所 黃彥賓