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How did Henry Bessemer revolutionize the steel industry?

Explore the transformation of steel industry by Henry Bessemer, factory specialization impact on workers, and corporate expansion strategies like horizontal and vertical integration. Learn about assembly line influence on car manufacturing, working conditions during the Industrial Revolution, monopolies, and labor unions in America.

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How did Henry Bessemer revolutionize the steel industry?

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  1. How did Henry Bessemer revolutionize the steel industry?

  2. He created a way to make a stronger steel more quickly and cheaply

  3. How did factory specialization & the assembly line affect workers?

  4. Workers repeated the same task over and over. It was boring, tiring, and likely to become injured.

  5. What is:a corporate expansion strategy that involves joining together as many firms (companies) from the same industry as possible

  6. horizontal integration

  7. What is:a corporate expansion strategy that involves controlling each step in the production and distribution of a product

  8. vertical integration

  9. John D. Rockefeller used this corporate expansion strategy

  10. horizontal integration

  11. Andrew Carnegie used this corporate expansion strategy

  12. vertical integration

  13. What impact did the assembly line have on car manufacturing?

  14. cars were cheaper & easier to make because production costs decreased

  15. Why did working conditions decline during the Industrial Revolution?

  16. Business was more worried about high profits & efficiency than keeping workers safe

  17. What term describes a time when America looked golden, but underneath she was tarnished with lots of problems.

  18. the Gilded Age

  19. What has been formed when a company completely dominates a particular industry?

  20. monopoly

  21. What is a set of companies that is managed by a small group of people?

  22. trust

  23. Why are monopolies and trusts bad for workers and consumers?

  24. Choice decreasesPrices increaseWorking conditions decrease

  25. Who owns a corporation?

  26. stockholders

  27. What is capital?

  28. any financial asset-including money, machines, and buildings-used in production

  29. Why are monopolies unfair?

  30. Monopolies raise prices and can reduce the quality of goods

  31. What is laissez-faire economic policy?

  32. the government keeps its “hands off” business. There are few rules & regulations.

  33. Describe conditions for factory workers

  34. 6 days a week10 hours a day$1 a dayunsafe, dangerous conditons

  35. How did the U.S. government support laissez-faire policies?

  36. free land to RRscheap natural resourcesfew rules & regulationsaccepted bribeshigh tariffs on foreign goods

  37. What did the Pullman Strike, Haymarket Affair, and Homestead Strike have in common?

  38. all turned violentlosses for labor unionstroops/police called in

  39. What are the 3 basic objectives of labor unions?

  40. better wages (pay)safer conditionsfewer hours

  41. What can labor unions do when negotiations with owners fail?

  42. strike

  43. Why was it difficult for labor unions to improve conditions for workers?

  44. the government and courts mostly supported business owners

  45. define push factor

  46. a problem that causes people to immigrate to another place(reason for leaving)

  47. define pull factor

  48. an attraction that draws immigrants to another place(reason for coming)

  49. Why did most immigrants to America travel in steerage?

  50. they couldn’t afford a 1st or 2nd class ticket

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