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CBMS: A Tool for Monitoring and Evaluation

By DR. CELIA M. REYES ANNE BERNADETTE E. MANDAP Presented at the 1 st M & E Forum Evaluation Theory, Approaches and Practices in the Philippines November 7-8, 2011 Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria, Philippines. CBMS: A Tool for Monitoring and Evaluation. Outline of Presentation.

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CBMS: A Tool for Monitoring and Evaluation

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  1. By DR. CELIA M. REYES ANNE BERNADETTE E. MANDAP Presented at the 1st M & E Forum Evaluation Theory, Approaches and Practices in the Philippines November 7-8, 2011 Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria, Philippines CBMS: A Tool for Monitoring and Evaluation

  2. Outline of Presentation • Key Areas of Concerns • Background on CBMS • Central Issues in Poverty Reduction • Existing Sources of Data • National Surveys • Community Based Monitoring System • CBMS Methodology and Process • Status of CBMS Implementation in the Philippines • Current Applications of CBMS

  3. Key Areas of Concerns • Need to track the impacts of policies, programs and various shocks on the poor and the vulnerable • Lack of necessary disaggregated data that can be used as inputs to policymaking and program implementation • Need for a sustainable mechanism that would facilitate evidence-based decision making and impact-monitoring at each geopolitical level

  4. Central Issues in Poverty Reduction The who, the where and the why of poverty: identification and targeting of the poor to enhance the effectiveness of anti-poverty initiatives and programs The what and when of anti-poverty programs: identification of interventions/ investments that have the highest impact on poverty

  5. THE WHO, THE WHERE AND THE WHY OF POVERTY: Some Issues and Concerns Official statistics are reliable down to the regional and provincial levels only (i.e. the sampling design of many of these surveys provide estimates of the variables only at the provincial level.) The collection of data is few and far in between, and processing adds a few more years so that its usefulness for policy design diminishes. And yet, local government units, under the law, are the front-liners in the fight against poverty and are mandated to assume the primary responsibility for the provision of basic services and facilities and the improvement of the quality of life of their constituents.

  6. Decentralization creates new information demands that may be best satisfied with CBMS CBMS can fill the gap Information Availability Administrative Structure National National surveys Provincial Municipal/City CBMS Village/Barangay

  7. THE CBMS Methodology CBMS is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation, and integration of data in the local development processes It generates a core set of indicatorsthat are being measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty.

  8. Key Features of CBMS Involves a census of households and not a sample survey It is rooted in local government and promotes community participation It uses local personnel and community volunteers as monitors It has a core set of indicators (outcome and impact indicators) It establishes databanks at all geopolitical levels

  9. CBMS Process Step 2 Data Collection and Field Editing (Training Module 1) Step 3 Data Encoding and Map Digitizing (Training Module 2) Step 1 Advocacy / Organization Step 8 Dissemination/ Implementation and Monitoring Step 4 Processing and Mapping (Training Module 3) Step 7 Plan Formulation (Training Module 4) Step 5 Data validation and Community Consultation Step 6 Knowledge (Database) Management

  10. Coverage of CBMS implementation in the Philippines as of September 30, 2011 20,503 barangays in 767 municipalities and 50cities In 65 provinces (33 of which are provincewide)

  11. DATA THAT CAN BE GENERATED FROM CBMS Data can be disaggregated across population sub-groups, and by geo-political levels (by barangay/village, municipality/city, province) CBMS, conducted on a regular basis, can generate panel data that can aid tracking of conditions of households/ groups of population over time.

  12. Identifying Eligible Beneficiaries Through CBMS CBMS is a rich source of data at the local level and can facilitate targeting by providing information on who are the eligible beneficiaries for specific programs. Sector-specific indicators can be used to identify who should receive the intervention. Composite indicators can be also used to rank the poorest households in the village or municipality. Poverty status of beneficiaries can be monitored overtime through CBMS

  13. Some CBMS Applications

  14. Palawan Human Development Report Palawan is the first province to come up with the publication of the Human Development Report in 2000 and 2006 which marks its achievement of being the first province to use household level data as basis for its development agenda

  15. Poverty Maps • “The Many Faces of Poverty”, Volume 1 • Agusan del Norte • Biliran • Camarines Norte • Eastern Samar • Marinduque • Romblon • Siquijor

  16. Poverty Maps • “The Many Faces of Poverty”, Volume 2 • Agusan del Sur • Marinduque • Oriental Mindoro • Palawan • Dinagat Islands • Sarangani • Southern Leyte

  17. Poverty Maps • “The Many Faces of Poverty”, Volume 3 • Batanes • Batangas • Northern Samar • Occidental Mindoro • Surigao del Sur • Tarlac • Zamboanga del Sur

  18. CBMS AS MDG BENCHMARKING AND MONITORING TOOL • Provincial MDG Reports Using CBMS Data • Agusan del Norte • Agusan del Sur • Biliran • Camarines Norte • Eastern Samar • Marinduque • Romblon • Siquijor • Sarangani

  19. Summary of CBMS Survey Result (Municipality of Buenavista, Marinduque)

  20. Proportion of Households without access to sanitary toilet = Highest = Lowest

  21. Map of Buenavista showing HHs with no access to sanitary toilet CBMS Data 2005 Buenavista CBMS Database

  22. Use of CBMS data in Program Targeting Confidential info Provides inputs to Local Chief Executives with CBMS data used for planning and targeting purposes Example: List of malnourished children

  23. Use of CBMS to Monitor Access to Programs A. Access to Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Source: CBMS Survey 2009 • About 53.8 percent of the households in 2 sites (identified to be beneficiaries of 4Ps) were able to access the program

  24. Use of CBMS to Monitor Access to Programs A. Access to Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program • High leakage and exclusion rates in both villages Note: Identification of poor is based on their PMT scores using 0.7 as the cut-off Source: Authors’ calculations

  25. Use of CBMS to Monitor Access to Programs B. Access to Philhealth Program • Only a little over one-fifth of households were able to access the Philhealth Program Source: CBMS Survey 2009

  26. Use of CBMS to Monitor Access to Programs B. Access to Philhealth Program • Higher exclusion rate is recorded for rural areas as compared to urban NCR and urban areas outside NCR Source: Authors’ calculations

  27. Use of CBMS to Monitor Access to Programs C. Access to NFA Rice Program Source: CBMS Survey 2009 • Not all HHs in the lowest income quintile were able to access the program • Even households at the highest income quintile accessed the program

  28. Use of CBMS to Monitor Access to ProgramsC. Access to NFA Rice Program Leakage and Exclusion Rates Source: Authors’ calculations • The highest leakage rate is recorded for urban NCR (87.8%) while the highest exclusion rate is reported for urban areas outside NCR (45.8%)

  29. Proportion of households without access to safe water supply in Eastern Samar, by barangay

  30. Proportion of households who are poor without access to Philhealth, by Municipality, Province of Eastern Samar, 2005-2006 Eastern Samar - 48.2

  31. Proportion of households who are poor without access to Philhealth, by Barangay, Municipality of Balangiga, Eastern Samar, 2005 Eastern Samar - 48.2 Balangiga – 39.2

  32. Location of Households by Poverty Status and Access to Philhealth, Brgy. Poblacion 5, Balangiga, Eastern Samar, 2005 Brgy Pob 2 Brgy Pob 3 Purok 2 5.3 Purok 1 17.2 Barangay San Miguel Purok 3 11.6 Purok 4 32.7 Brgy Pob 4 Leyte Gulf

  33. ACCESS TO PHILHEALTH PROGRAM OF INCOME-POOR HOUSEHOLDSZONE 19, PASAY CITY 79% of households with income below the poverty threshold are not covered by the Philhealth Program. Source: CBMS Survey 2005, City of Pasay

  34. Proportion of Income-Poor Households with Access to Philhealth ProgramZone 19 (Bgys. 178-186), Pasay City 178 14.1 182 18.7 181 33.7 186 32.5 179 9.6 180 18.8 184 28.3 185 10.6 CBMS Survey 2005

  35. Maricaban Creek Saint Peter Street Saint Cecille Street Saint Theresa Street Saint Catherine Street Saint James Street Saint John Street Saint Bernadette Street Saint Jude Street Saint Andrew Street Saint Francis Extension Saint Peter Street Sta. Rita Street • Households with children 12-15 years who are not in secondary school, Barangay 179, Pasay City 123 out of 326 children 12-15 years old are not attending secondary school

  36. Poverty Incidence by Barangay and Susceptibility to Landslides in Biliran

  37. Food Shortage by Barangay and Susceptibility to Flooding

  38. CBMS-UNDP Development Grant Program Project Sites No. of Funded Projects: 25 Total Amount: Php4.7M Camarines Norte Marinduque Biliran Palawan Eastern Samar Agusan del Sur

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