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Date : May 7, 2014 Topic : World War II Aim : How did World War II involve the United States? Do Now : Multiple Choice Questions. . FDR’s Court Packing Plan. Supreme Court opposition to FDR’s programs continued with the court consistently striking down New Deal legislation.
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Date: May 7, 2014Topic: World War II Aim: How did World War II involve the United States?Do Now: Multiple Choice Questions.
FDR’s Court Packing Plan • Supreme Court opposition to FDR’s programs continued with the court consistently striking down New Deal legislation. • FDR asked Congress to approve a law that would permit the President to increase the number of judges from nine to fifteen if the judges refused to retire at age 70. • The Judicial Reorganization Bill never became law because it was a threat to separation of powers.
Critics of the New Deal • Francis E. Townsend – created a financially impossible plan to provide government pensions for the elderly. • Father Charles E. Coughlin – a Catholic priest who blamed business owners, especially Jewish ones, for the economic crisis. • Huey Long – US Senator from Louisiana who proposed that income and inheritance taxes on the wealthy be used to give each American a $2,500 income, a car, and a college education.
The Rise of Totalitarian Governments • Totalitarian Government – one political party has complete control over the government and bans all other parties. They also rely on terror and suppress individual rights and silence opposition. • Fascism – places the importance of the nation above all else and individual rights and freedoms are lost as everyone works to benefit the nation. • Nazi Germany under Hitler and Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini were two examples of fascist governments.
Major Events Between 1919-1941 • 1938 Munich Agreement – Great Britain and France allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia with a large German speaking population. • Appeasement – Great Britain and France resorted to appeasement through agreeing to allow Germany to take the Sudetenland. • Lend Lease Act – allowed the United States to sell or lend war materials to “any country who defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.” • Arsenal of Democracy – phrase coined by FDR stating that the United States would supply arms to those fighting for freedom.
Attack on Pearl Harbor • The attack climaxed a decade of worsening relations between the United States and Japan. • Japan invaded China in 1937, allied with the Axis Powers, and occupied French Indochina in 1941. • United States responded by freezing Japanese assets in the United States and declaring an embargo on petroleum and vital war materials to Japan. • December 7, 1941: Japanese war planes attacked the US Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor Hawaii. • The attack shattered the American belief that the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans would safely isolate the US from fighting in Europe and Asia.
Major Powers of World War II • The major powers of the Allies included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. • Germany, Italy, and Japan, were the Axis powers.
Wartime Diplomacy • Atlantic Charter Meeting (1941) – Roosevelt and Churchill met on battleships in the North Atlantic to agree on certain principles for building a lasting peace and establishing free governments in the world. • Casablanca (1943) – Roosevelt met with Churchill to plan “victory on all fronts.” They used the term “unconditional surrender” to describe the anticipated victory. • Cairo (1943) – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang, Kai-shek OF China planned the Normandy invasion. • Yalta (1945) – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin outlined the division of post-war Germany into spheres of influence and planned for the trials of war criminals. The Soviet Union promised to enter the war against Japan.
The Atomic Bomb THE TRINITY TEST – 16 MS AFTER DETONATION – JULY 1945 • Potsdam (1945) – Allied leaders warned Japan to surrender or face utter destruction. • The Manhattan Project – the research done at Los Alamos, New Mexico under the direction of Dr. Robert Oppenheimer with the goal to create an atomic bomb.