1 / 51

Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Race and Ethnicity. Questions for you…. How is race “socially constructed” in society? What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? What evidence is there that race relations are improving in the society?. Chapter Outline. Race and Ethnicity Prejudice

philana
Download Presentation

Chapter 9

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity

  2. Questions for you… How is race “socially constructed” in society? What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? What evidence is there that race relations are improving in the society?

  3. Chapter Outline Race and Ethnicity Prejudice Discrimination Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States Global Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the Future

  4. What Is Race? • Some people view race as: • Skin color: the Caucasian “race”, • Religion: the Jewish “race” • Nationality: the British “race” • Entire human species: the human “race”

  5. Race and Biology A race is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other attributes. Race has little meaning biologically due to interbreeding in the human population.

  6. Science and Race The American Anthropological Association adopted a position on race in May 1998. Although not all members of the association agreed with the position taken, it does reflect the majority opinion of this group of scholars. http://www.learner.org/channel/workshops/primarysources/census/docs/aaas.html

  7. Polling Question • Think about Whites in the U.S. compared to ethnic and racial minority groups. To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Whites as a group are very distinct from ethnic and racial minority groups. • Strongly agree • Agree somewhat • Unsure • Disagree somewhat • Strongly disagree

  8. Characteristics of Ethnic Groups Unique cultural traits. A sense of community. A feeling of ethnocentrism. Ascribed membership from birth. Tendency to occupy a geographic area.

  9. Race… more similarities than differences It is generally agreed among sociologists that race is socially constructed based on the social realities, norms and group experiences within society at a particular time. Thus, as times change… so do many preconceived notions regarding race. In fact, many scholars have asked are we so different? http://www.understandingrace.org/home.html

  10. How Much Do You Know About Race, Ethnicity, and Sports? • True or False? • African Americans who competed in boxing matches in the late 1800s often had to agree to lose before they could obtain a match.

  11. How Much Do You Know About Race, Ethnicity, and Sports? • True. • Promoters, who often set up boxing matches that pitted fighters by race, assumed that white fans were more likely to buy tickets if the white fighters frequently won.

  12. How Much Do You Know About Race, Ethnicity, and Sports? • True or False? • Until recently, the positions of quarterback and kicker in the National Football League have been held almost exclusively by white players.

  13. How Much Do You Know About Race, Ethnicity, and Sports? • True. • As late as the 1990s, whites accounted for about 90 percent of the quarterbacks and kickers on NFL teams. However, this changed early in the twenty-first century, and today there are some African Americans playing virtually every position on all professional football teams.

  14. Dominant and Subordinate Groups A dominant group is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society. A subordinate group is one whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

  15. Prejudice • A negative attitude based on generalizations about members of selected racial, ethnic, or other groups. • Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to regard one’s own culture and group as the standard. • Stereotypes are overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories.

  16. Racism A set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group. Recent studies have shown that the underlying reasoning behind racism differs according to factors such as gender, age, class, and geography.

  17. Merton’s Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination

  18. Theories of Prejudice • Frustration–aggression hypothesis • People who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression toward others. • Authoritarian Personality • Characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking.

  19. Four Major Types of Discrimination Isolate discrimination - A prejudiced judge giving harsher sentences to African American defendants. Small-group discrimination - Small group of white students defacing a professor’s office with racist epithets.

  20. Four Major Types of Discrimination Direct institutionalized discrimination - Intentional exclusion of people of color from public accommodations. Indirect institutionalized discrimination - Special education classes may have contributed to racial stereotyping.

  21. Contact Hypothesis • Contact between divergent groups should be positive as long as group members: • Have equal status. • Pursue the same goals. • Cooperate with one another to achieve goals. • Receive positive feedback while interacting.

  22. Functionalist Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations Assimilation A process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture. Ethnic PluralismThe coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society.

  23. Conflict Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations The Caste Perspective views racial and ethnic inequality as a permanent feature of U.S. society. Class perspectives emphasize the role of the capitalist class in racial exploitation.

  24. Conflict Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations Internal Colonialism occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are forcibly placed under the control of the dominant group. Split Labor Market - The division of the economy into a primary sector composed of higher paid workers in more secure jobs, and a secondary sector of lower-paid workers in jobs with little security.

  25. Critical Race Theory • Premises: • The belief that racism is such an ingrained feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary and natural to many people. • The belief that interest convergence is a crucial factor in bringing about social change.

  26. Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations

  27. Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations

  28. Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States Native Americans White Anglo‑Saxon Protestants African Americans White Ethnic Americans Asian Americans Latinos/as Middle Eastern Americans

  29. Polling Question • I would like to marry someone of a different racial or ethnic group. • Strongly agree • Agree somewhat • Unsure • Disagree somewhat • Strongly disagree

  30. Native Americans • Most disadvantaged group in the U.S. in terms of income, employment, housing, and nutrition. • As a group they have experienced: • Genocide • Forced Migration • Forced Assimilation

  31. African Americans Slavery was rationalized by stereotyping African Americans as inferior and childlike. Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 sought to eliminate discrimination in education, housing, employment and health care.

  32. Polling Question • Descendents of slavery in the U.S. should be given economic restitution by the U.S. government for the consequences of slavery. • Strongly agree • Agree somewhat • Unsure • Disagree somewhat • Strongly disagree

  33. Asian Americans Fastest growing racial minority in the U.S. Includes Japanese, Korean, Filipino and Indochinese Americans.

  34. Latino or Hispanic-Americans Includes Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans. Many Mexican American families have lived in the U.S. for 4 or 5 generations and have made significant contributions. In 1917, Puerto Ricans acquired U.S. citizenship and the right to move freely to and from the mainland.

  35. Middle Eastern Americans Includes immigrants from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iran, and Jordan. The Lebanese, Syrians, and Iranians primarily come from middle class backgrounds. Most Iranian immigrants initially hoped to return to Iran; however, many have become U.S. citizens.

  36. Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the U.S. In 1980 white Americans made up 80% of the population. In 2000, white Americans made up 70% of the population. By 2056, the roots of the average U.S. resident will be in Africa, Asia, Hispanic countries, the Pacific Islands, or Arabia—not white Europe.

  37. Odds of Being a Pro Athlete by Race/Ethnicity and Sport

  38. Quick Quiz

  39. 1. A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes. • ethnic group • age group • gender • race

  40. Answer: D A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes is a race.

  41. 2. A collection of people distinguished by others or by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics. • ethnic group • race • age group • gender

  42. Answer: A A collection of people distinguished by others or by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics is an ethnic group.

  43. 3. Overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories. • stereotyping • redlining • scapegoating • steering

  44. Answer: A Overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories is stereotyping.

  45. 4. The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation is called: • genocide • discrimination • ethnic cleansing • parricide

  46. Answer: A The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation is called genocide.

  47. 5. Excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking is called: • group think • psychological assimilation • authoritarian personality • social distancing

  48. Answer: C Excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking is called authoritarian personality.

  49. 6. Blacks are considered to be an ethnic group. • True. • False.

More Related