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Ancient Rome and Islam

Explore the captivating journey of Ancient Rome, from the legendary founding of the city to the transition from republic to empire. Discover the influential Roman Senate, the power struggles between plebeians and patricians, and the expansion of Rome through war and conquest. Witness the dramatic downfall of the republic and the rise of Julius Caesar as dictator, ultimately leading to the transformation of Rome into an empire.

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Ancient Rome and Islam

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  1. Ancient Rome and Islam Chapters 8, 9 and 10

  2. Part 1: The Roman Republic

  3. The Legend of Rome • Twin boys, Romulus and Remus • Sons of a princess and Roman god of War, Mars • An unjust king feared that the Twins would seize power from him • Ordered the twins drowned, however gods favored the twins and protected them • A female wolf rescued them • A shepard then raised the twins as his own

  4. The Legend of Rome • The twins grew up and killed the unjust king and went off to found their own city • The founded the city of Rome at a place where seven hills rose above the Tiber River

  5. Geography • Hills--easy place to defend • Fertile Soil • Access to a river • Original Settler had no notion of empire • Overtime learned that Italy was very much center of Mediterranean • Will become center of Western World

  6. Geographic Map of Rome

  7. Etruscans • Early rulers of Rome • Ruled as Kings • Many writings but language is largely unknown to historians still • They did not speak same language as the Romans • Romans did not like being ruled by an all powerful king • They overthrew and defeated Etruscan king in 509 BC

  8. Etruscans

  9. The Birth of the Republic • Romans vowed never again to be ruled by a king • Will create a government where people have a say in who they are ruled by • Rome will be a republic where citizens have the right to select their leaders

  10. The Birth of the Republic

  11. The Roman Senate • The most powerful part of the Republic • 300 member legislative body • Meaning they make the laws • In the beginning only member of the patrician or wealthy elites class could be members of the Senate • Plebeians were the ordinary citizens and were not allowed to participate in the Senate

  12. Roman Senate

  13. The Roman Senate • Consuls were the two chief executive officials responsible for enforcing the Senate’s laws and policies • 1 year terms • Elected by the assembly of citizens • Both consuls needed to be in agreement before either one took action • Veto is the rejection of any planned action by anyone in power • If one consul vetoed anything the matter was dropped

  14. Roman Senate--Consulship

  15. The Roman Senate • Other offices • Dictator • Roman law held that a dictator could be appointed in times of emergency and they held all powers of a king (absolute authority) but could only hold office for 6 months • Put in place in case Roman Consuls disagreed • Praetors • Functioned as junior consuls at first • But later became judges in civil law trials

  16. Plebeians v. Patricians • Patricians saw themselves as leaders • Plebeians wanted to be respected and treated fairly • Eventually the ruling Patrician class gave into the Plebeians creating the Law of the Twelve Tables • Code of laws that applied equally to everyone

  17. Expansion under the Republic • Rome expanded through war and conquest • 264 BC Rome gained complete control of Italian Peninsula • 264-146 BC Rome completely destroyed their Mediterranean Rival Carthage • Series of 3 wars • Gained control of Spain and Northern Africa • 214-146 BC Macedonian Wars • Gained control of Greece • Series of 4 wars

  18. Republic Expansion

  19. Republic Expansion

  20. The Death of the Republic • 120 BC the Roman Republic began to fall apart • Generals conquered enough land to fund their own private armies and used it to gain political power • Julius Caesar was one such general, he conquered Gaul for Rome and his troops were fiercely loyal to him

  21. Julius Caesar

  22. The Death of the Republic • After his conquest in Gaul, Julius Caesar marched into Italy (crossed the Rubicon River) and by doing violated Roman law • Caesar marched on Rome and caused threw the Roman world into civil war • The Senate and Pompey v. Julius Caesar

  23. Julius Caesar conquering Gaul

  24. The Death of the Republic • Caesar was able to beat Pompey and run the Senate out of Rome • He called back the Senate and forced them to declare him sole consul • That then led to him be declared Dictator for life • 48 BC • The Roman Republic was gone what was to come next was the Roman Empire

  25. Julius Caesar Dictator

  26. The Death of the Dictator • For four years, Caesar eliminated what was left of Pompey and any other opposition • He consolidated all public offices into his office • Caesar kept the Senate around • In 44 BC, Senators were eager to get back their power • They began to plot

  27. The Death of the Dictator • March 15th, 44 BC, Julius Caesar attended a meeting on the Senate Floor • His wife had a bad feeling about the meeting and urged him not to go • Caesar insisted • When Caesar arrived he was surrounded by Senator and they pulled knives and stabbed him, 23 times, he died

  28. Death of a Dictator

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