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2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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4. Culture and Society Culture The Symbolic Nature of Culture Culture and Adaptation Culture Worlds ] Culture and the Dominant Ideology in the U.S. Culture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Culture > Culture and Society Culture and Society • Culture and Biology • Culture and Society • Cultural Universals • Culture Shock • Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism • Material Culture • Nonmaterial Culture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-3/culture-and-society-29/

6. Culture > The Symbolic Nature of Culture The Symbolic Nature of Culture • The Symbolic Nature of Culture • The Origins of Language • Language • Language and Perception • Symbols and Nature • Gestures • Values • Norms • Sanctions • Folkways and Mores Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-3/the-symbolic-nature-of-culture-30/

7. Culture > Culture and Adaptation Culture and Adaptation • The Origins of Culture • Mechanisms of Cultural Change • Cultural Lag • Animals and Culture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-3/culture-and-adaptation-31/

8. Culture > Culture Worlds Culture Worlds • Subcultures • Countercultures Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-3/culture-worlds-32/

9. Culture > Culture and the Dominant Ideology in the U.S. Culture and the Dominant Ideology in the U.S. • An Overview of U.S. Values • Value Clusters • Value Contradictions • Emerging Values • Culture Wars • Values as Binders • Ideal vs. Real Culture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-3/culture-and-the-dominant-ideology-in-the-u-s-33/

10. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

11. Culture Key terms • assimilationThe adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture. • autonomySelf-government; freedom to act or function independently. • biculturalismThe state or quality of being bicultural. • civilizationAn organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political or technical development. • Communal ValuesA communal or cultural value system is held by and applied to a community/ group/society. Some communal value systems are reflected in the form of legal codes or law. • communityA group sharing a common understanding and often the same language, manners, tradition and law. See civilization. • conservativeA person who favors maintenance of the status quo or reversion to some earlier status. • countercultureAny culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the established mainstream culture, especially to western culture. • cultural anthropological researchCultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans, collecting data about the impact of global economic and political processes on local cultural realities. • cultural appropriationCultural appropriation is the adoption of some specific elements of one culture by a different cultural group. • cultural relativismCultural relativism is a principle that was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the twentieth century, and later popularized by his students. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "...civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes. " • cultureThe beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

12. Culture • cultureThe beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life. • cultureThe beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life. • cultureThe beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life. • ethnocentrismThe tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture. • folkwayA custom or belief common to members of a society or culture. • gestural languagesA gestural language is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning. This can involve simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. • gestureA motion of the limbs or body, especially one made to emphasize speech. • habitAn action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness. • high cultureThe artistic entertainment and material artifacts associated with a society's aristocracy or most learned members, usually requiring significant education to be appreciated or highly skilled labor to be produced. • horticultureThe art or science of cultivating gardens; gardening. • human languageHuman language is typically used for communication, and may be spoken, signed, or written. • ideal valuesabsolute values that bear no exceptions and can be codified as a strict set of proscriptions on behavior. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

13. Culture • Informal sanctionsThese are the reactions of individuals and groups that bring about conformity to norms and laws. These can include peer and community pressure, bystander intervention in a crime, and collective responses such as citizen patrol groups. • innovationThe act of innovating; the introduction of something new, in customs, rites, and so on. • kulturkampfA conflict between secular and religious authorities, especially the struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government under Bismarck. • languageA form of communication using words either spoken or gestured with the hands and structured with grammar, often with a writing system. • liberalOpen to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical or modern liberalism. • linguisticsThe scientific study of language. • mainstreamPurchased, used, or accepted broadly rather than by a tiny fraction of a population or market; common, usual, or conventional. • material cultureIn the social sciences, material culture is a term, developed in the late 19th and early 20th century, that refers to the relationship between artifacts and social relations. • material cultureIn the social sciences, material culture is a term, developed in the late 19th and early 20th century, that refers to the relationship between artifacts and social relations. • Max Weber(1864–1920) A German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself. • memeAny unit of cultural information, such as a practice or idea, that is transmitted verbally or by repeated action from one mind to another. • moresA set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices. Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written laws. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. Culture • nationalismThe idea of supporting one's country and culture; patriotism. • non-material cultureIn contrast to material culture, non-material culture does not include any physical objects or artifacts. Examples of non-material culture include any ideas, beliefs, values, and norms that may help shape our society. • normA rule that is enforced by members of a community. • particularA specific case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. • Perception(cognition) That which is detected by the five senses; not necessarily understood (imagine looking through fog, trying to understand if you see a small dog or a cat); also that which is detected within consciousness as a thought, intuition, deduction, etc. • popular cultureThe prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing, entertainment, films, mass media, music, sports, and style • prehistoryThe history of human culture prior to written records. • progressiveFavoring or promoting progress; advanced. • quotable gesturesQuotable gestures are conventional, culture-specific gestures that can be used as replacement for words. • real valuesvalues that contain exceptions to resolve the contradictions inherent between ideal values and practical realities. • relativityThe state of being relative to something else. • religious rightThe religious or Christian right is a term used in the United States to describe right-wing Christian political groups that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies. Christian conservatives principally seek to apply their understanding of the teachings of Christianity to politics and public policy by proclaiming the value of those teachings and/or by seeking to use those teachings to influence law and public policy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. Culture • sanctiona penalty, or some coercive measure, intended to ensure compliance; especially one adopted by several nations, or by an international body • Secular ValuesSecular values, as opposed to traditional values, base morality on human faculties such as logic, reason, or moral intuition, rather than on purported supernatural revelation or guidance (which is the source of religious ethics). • semioticsThe study of signs and symbols, especially as means of language or communication. • semioticsThe study of signs and symbols, especially as means of language or communication. • social behaviorsIn physiology and sociology, social behavior is behavior directed towards society, or taking place between, members of the same species. • social classesSocial class (or simply "class") is a set of concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories. • social constructSocial constructs are generally understood to be the by-products of countless human choices rather than laws resulting from divine will or nature. • social controlany control, either formal or informal, that is exerted by a group, especially by one's peers • Social Darwinisma theory that the laws of evolution by natural selection also apply to social structures. • social groupA collection of humans or animals that share certain characteristics, interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, and share a common identity. • social normsSocial norms are described by sociologists as being laws that govern society's behaviors. • subcultureA portion of a culture distinguished from the larger society around it by its customs or other features. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. Culture • subcultureA portion of a culture distinguished from the larger society around it by its customs or other features. • symbolAny object, typically material, which is meant to represent another (usually abstract), even if there is no meaningful relationship. • symbolicReferring to something with an implicit meaning. • Symbolic cultureSymbolic culture is a concept used by archaeologists, social anthropologists and sociologists to designate the cultural realm constructed and inhabited uniquely by Homo sapiens. • symbolismRepresentation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities. • traditionalOf or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions; traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures. • Traditional ValuesTraditional values emphasize the importance of religion, parent-child ties, deference to authority and traditional family values. People who embrace these values also reject divorce, abortion, euthanasia, and suicide. These societies have high levels of national pride and a nationalistic outlook. • universalCommon to all society; worldwide. • valueThe degree of importance given to something. • Value ConsistencyA value system in its own right is internally consistent when its values do not contradict each other, and its exceptions are abstract enough to be used in all situations and consistently applied. • Value ContradictionsA value system by itself is internally inconsistent or contradictory if its values contradict each other, and its exceptions are highly situational and inconsistently applied. • value systema set of consistent personal and cultural values used for the purpose of ethical or ideological integrity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. Culture • valuesA collection of guiding principles; what one deems to be correct and desirable in life, especially regarding personal conduct. • William Graham SumnerAn American academic with numerous books and essays on American history, economic history, political theory, sociology, and anthropology. • written languageA written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. Culture Blinders Values can act as blinders if people fail to recognize the diversity of values held across people and cultures, and assume their own society's values are universal truths. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Twee-paarden."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Twee-paarden.JPGView on Boundless.com

19. Culture Clothes as Material Culture Fashion is part of material culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/1988_kimono_pan.jpgView on Boundless.com

20. Culture The Polish Alphabets Cultures are shared systems of symbols and meanings. Alphabets are one example of a symbolic element of culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Polish-alphabet."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polish-alphabet.pngView on Boundless.com

21. Culture Animal Culture A chimpanzee mother and baby. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chimpanzee mother with baby."CC BY-SA 2.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chimpanzee_mother_with_baby.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. Culture Periodicals as Material Culture Media, such as magazines, are part of material culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Japanese_magazines.jpgView on Boundless.com

23. Culture Can Parrots Really Talk? Parrots mimic the sounds of human language, but have they really learned the symbolic system? Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

24. Culture A Sentence Diagram Human language's grammatical structure makes it unique. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Sentencediagram."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sentencediagram.jpgView on Boundless.com

25. Culture Protestors clash with police at the 1999 WTO summit in Seattle People whose personal values conflict with communal values may try to change communal values through protest. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."WTO protests in Seattle November 30 1999."CC BY-SA 2.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WTO_protests_in_Seattle_November_30_1999.jpgView on Boundless.com

26. Culture A Prison Cell Block Incarceration is a type of formal sanction. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Wisconsin State Prison Cell BlockWisconsin State Prison Cell Blocks."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wisconsin_State_Prison_Cell_BlockWisconsin_State_Prison_Cell_Blocks.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. Culture Language in daily life The origin of language in the human species is a widely discussed topic. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr."Sign in to Yahoo."CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/shehal/1187646003/in/photostream/View on Boundless.com

28. Culture High culture Ballet is traditionally considered a form of "high culture". Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Jeziorolabedzie."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeziorolabedzie.JPGView on Boundless.com

29. Culture Pointing Pointing at another person with an extended finger is considered rude in many cultures. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gestures."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GesturesView on Boundless.com

30. Culture Hippies at an Anti-Vietnam Demonstration, 1967 A female demonstrator offers a flower to military police on guard at the Pentagon during an anti-Vietnam demonstration. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Vietnamdem."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamdem.jpgView on Boundless.com

31. Culture Culture Wars So-called red state/blue state maps have become popular for showing election results. Some suggest that the red state/blue state divide maps the battle lines in the culture wars. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."2008 election reults county by county."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2008_election_reults_county_by_county.pngView on Boundless.com

32. Culture Formal and Informal Sanctions Societies use formal and informal sanctions to enforce norms. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

33. Culture Trekkies The hand gesture meaning 'live long and prosper' has spread beyond the subculture of Star Trek fans and is often recognized in mainstream culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Leonard Nimoy, 2011, ST Con-2."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leonard_Nimoy,_2011,_ST_Con-2.jpgView on Boundless.com

34. Culture On Language and Perception Cognition and Communication Research Centre film describing recent research on the mapping between language and perception, and whether the language one speaks affects how one thinks. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

35. Culture Human Embryonic Stem Cells As example of cultural lag is human embryonic stem cells. We have the necessary technology to turn stem cells into neurons but have not yet developed ethical guidelines and cultural consensus on this practice. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Human embryonic stem cells."CC BY 2.5http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_embryonic_stem_cells.pngView on Boundless.com

36. Culture World Values Survey The World Values Survey is administered to people around the world. Their responses are aggregated and can be used to reveal regional value clusters, like those displayed in this map. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Inglehart Values Map."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inglehart_Values_Map.svgView on Boundless.com

37. Culture The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests that language shapes the way we see the world. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

38. Culture The Liberty Bell Many consider liberty to be a fundamental American value. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Amer0023 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amer0023_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. Culture Formal Sanctions Norms may be enforced through informal sanctions, such as derision, or formal sanctions, such as arrest. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Handcuffed man (2)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Handcuffed_man_(2).jpgView on Boundless.com

40. Culture Same-Sex Marriage and Social Norms In most Western countries, norms have prohibited same-sex marriage, but those norms are now changing. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Same Sex Marriage-02."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Same_Sex_Marriage-02.jpgView on Boundless.com

41. Culture Computers as Material Culture Computers are an increasingly common part of everyday life for most people. They constitute an increasingly significant part of our material culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Laptop."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laptop.jpgView on Boundless.com

42. Culture Biology versus Culture These two avatars illustrate the basic concept of culture. One is simply a reflection of his biology; he is human. The other is a reflection of his biology and his culture: he is human and belongs to a cultural group or sub-culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Introduction to Sociology/Culture."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Culture%23Cultural_ChangeView on Boundless.com

43. Culture A Bilingual Sign Members of a culture usually share a common language. Here, a bilingual sign in Wales tells both English and Welsh speakers that smoking is prohibited. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."No smoking Welsh bilingual sign."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:No_smoking_Welsh_bilingual_sign.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. Culture Hand Gestures Military air marshallers use hand and body gestures to direct flight operations aboard aircraft carriers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gestures."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GesturesView on Boundless.com

45. Culture Gestural Language American Sign Language, or ASL, is a gestural language. This is how to sign the letters A-S-L. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."American Sign Language ASL."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:American_Sign_Language_ASL.svgView on Boundless.com

46. Culture The Change of Symbolic Meaning Over Time The symbol of the ankh has its roots in Egyptian religious practice, but the symbol diffused over time and was adopted by other groups, including pagans, as a religious symbol. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Introduction to Sociology/Culture."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Culture%23Cultural_ChangeView on Boundless.com

47. Culture Nomads Anthropologists rejected the idea that culture was unique to Western society and adopted a new definition of culture that applied to all societies, literate and non-literate, settled and nomadic. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Algerian nomads."CC BY-SA 2.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Algerian_nomads.jpgView on Boundless.com

48. Culture Declaration of Independence Independence and freedom are fundamental values in the U.S. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Us_declaration_independence.jpg/200px-Us_declaration_independence.jpgView on Boundless.com

49. Culture Punks as non-conformists Members of the punk movement refused to conform to some of the normative values prevalent in Western culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Punk-with-strongbow."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Punk-with-strongbow.JPGView on Boundless.com

50. Culture The Ideal Marriage? In ideal culture, marriage is forever, but in real culture, many marriages end in divorce. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Bride and groom signing the book."CC BY 2.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bride_and_groom_signing_the_book.jpgView on Boundless.com