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Asexual Propagation

Asexual Propagation. Two Types of Reproduction in Plants. Sexual Reproduction development of new plants by the process of meiosis and fertilization in the flower to produce a viable embryo in a seed Asexual Reproduction

phillip-contreras
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Asexual Propagation

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  1. Asexual Propagation

  2. Two Types of Reproduction in Plants • Sexual Reproduction • development of new plants by the process of meiosis and fertilization in the flower to produce a viable embryo in a seed • Asexual Reproduction • The production of new plants by any vegetative means not involving meiosis and the union of gametes

  3. Advantages of Asexual (Vegetative) Reproduction • Maintain clone • Uniform results • Faster (cut production time) • May be cheaper • “Custom Design” a plant • Can use it for experimental purposes • Virus Indexing -Bud and graft to diagnose plant diseases

  4. Disadvantages of Vegetative Reproduction • Diseases • Propagate disease with plant • (seeds occasionally spread disease also, cruciferous seeds are dropped in boiling water to stop disease) • Certified plants – use virus indexing or tissue culture to get disease free plants • Costly • Sometimes more expensive vegetatively • e.g. tomatoes – easy by cuttings, cheaper buy seed

  5. Disadvantages of Vegetative reproduction • No Variation – no rearranging genetics, no new cultivars • Couldn’t breed.. • Disease resistant plants • Plants that use less fertilizer • Insect resistance • No genetic variation • Plants with higher yields

  6. Types of Vegetative Reproduction • Apomixis • Layering • Cuttings • Grafting • Tissue Culture • Specialized stems and structures

  7. Types of Vegetative Reproduction • Apomixis • Vegetative seed • Bluegrass • Citrus • onions • Gen nuclei causes mitosis of cell membrane • Clone of female Ovary wall Chalaza Anitpodal cells Stigma surface Embryo sac Two polar nuclei Pollen tube Nucellus Egg Synergid cells Generative nuclei Integuments Tube nucleus Micropyle Funiculus

  8. Types of Vegetative Reproduction • Layering

  9. Types of Vegetative Reproduction • Layering

  10. Air- Layering

  11. Types of Vegetative Reproduction • Cuttings • Stem cuttings • Herbaceous • Softwood • Deciduous hardwood • Narrow-leaved evergreen hardwood • Semi hardwood • Whole leaf • Leaf sections • Leaf bud cuttings • Cane cuttings • Tip cuttings • Bulb leaf cuttings • Root cuttings

  12. Grafting Tools and Terms • Stock • Scion • Interstock • Hand pruners • Grafting knife • Grafting wax • Budding rubbers

  13. Grafting “Rules” • Close taxonomic relationship (family) • Dif Genera only a few • Species (Plums onto Peaches) • Cultivars of species (almost always will work) • Puzzles of incompatibility • Pear on quince (sometimes) • Quince on pear never • 2 parts secure • Protect from dessication • Polarity

  14. Types of Grafting • Grafting – joining parts of plants together to unite and grow as one • Budding – scion of one bud • T-bud • Patch bud • Grafting – scion of two or more buds • Side or stub graft • Side bark graft • Whip and tongue • Cleft graft • Approach graft • Bridge graft • Inarching • Top-working (changing cultivars)

  15. Patch budding

  16. Banana graft Apple whip tongue grafting

  17. Approach Graft – 2 methods

  18. Whip and Tongue Graft

  19. Types of Vegetative Propagation • Tissue Culture • Specialized Stems and Structures • Divisions • Stolons • Rhizomes • Suckers • Crowns • Corms • Bulbs • Tubers • Tuberous roots

  20. Tissue Culture/Micropopagation • Tissue culture is a process where tiny plantlets are maintained on sterile artificial media containing nutrients. • Totipotency describes the capacity of certain cells to regenerate a whole plant. Meristems are considered to be totipotent.

  21. Tissue Culture/Micropopagation • Advantages • Takes less room • quicker • Method • Undifferentiated cells (explants) placed on agar with nutrients and hormones under sterile conditions • Callus tissue generates cells in globs like jello • dividing callus tissue is influenced with growth hormones • Can get millions from a single plant

  22. Stem structure

  23. Other forms of Stems • Chief characteristics are nodes and internodes • The following structures also have nodes and internodes and are therefore stems • Rhizome • Stolon • Corms • Bulb • tuber

  24. Node Internode

  25. Corm

  26. Cormels

  27. Bulbs

  28. Bulbils

  29. Tuber

  30. Sweet potato - YamStem or Root?

  31. Root Types • Fibrous • Tap roots • Adventitious roots • Secondary roots • Aerial roots

  32. Root Functions • Absorb water and nutrients • autotrophic • Anchorage • Storage • Propagation • Photosynthesis • Aerial roots help plant cling or climb

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