LANSEKAP RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU UNTUK GREEN LIVING

1. LANSEKAPRUANG TERBUKA HIJAUUNTUKGREEN LIVING Nur W I iwit P.M.I. danSoemarno Psl-ppsub-januari 2013

2. Bare-trunked trees alone may channel winds toward surface www.sustland.umn.edu Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Foto: smno-kampus –ub.sept 2012

3. Use multiple rows for effective windbreaks • Build height toward structure to be protected • Can use a combination of deciduous and evergreen trees/shrubs • May also provide animal habitat Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Barisanpohonglodoganjugaberfungsimelindungibangunanrumahterhadapterpaananginkencang Sumber: diunduhdari: http://www.tropicalplantbook.com/garden_plants/awebsite%202011/big_pics/pq/polyalthia-02F-copy.jpg

4. Abiesconcolor – Concolor or White Fir • Evergreen, 50 feet tall and 25 feet spread • Curving needles 1 ½ to 2 ½ inches long, bluish gray to green • Prefers moist, well drained soils • Popular Christmas tree Photos: Washington State Univ. Abies nordmanniana – Nordmann Fir • Evergreen, 40-60 feet tall, 15-20 feet spread • Needles 1 to 1 ½ inches long, dark green • Prefers moist, well-drained acidic soils • Easy to grow Photos: University of Connecticut Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky

5. Ilex opaca– American Holly • Evergreen, 40-50 feet tall and 20-40 feet spread, can be sheared • Leaves have spiny toothed margins – privacy screen • Glossy green leaves • Bright red berries in winter (need female with male trees close by) • Named cultivars have superior fruit characteristics (even yellow) • Need acidic, well-drained, moist soils • Berry production best in full sun Photos: University of Kentucky Picea - Spruce Photos: University of Connecticut • Evergreen, 50-60 feet tall, 20-30 feet spread • Medium to fine texture • Prefer moist, well drained soils with good organic matter • Pollution tolerant, few pests • Foliage drupes and becomes dull with age • Oriental (P. orientalis) and Serbian (P. omorika) are probably best for landscape use • Norway (P. abies) and Colorado (P. pungens) good for windbreaks Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky

6. Pinusbungeana – Lacebark Pine • Evergreen 30-50 feet tall and 20-35 feet spread • Noteworthy scaly bark with age • Prefers well drained, moist soils • No serious pest problems but branches may be prone to breakage • May be multi-trunked and shrubby Photos: Missouri Botanical Garden Pinus strobus - White Pine • Evergreen 50-80 feet tall and 20-40 feet spread • Fine, wispy needles • Requires moist, slightly acid, well-drained deep soils • Native but several pest issues and prone to storm damage • Weeping and compact forms available Virginia Tech Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky

7. POHON TREMBESI Pohoninimampumenyerapkarbondioksidadalamjumlah yang besar, sehinggasangatdisarankanuntukditanamsebagaipohonpenghijauan. Namuntrambesimembutuhkanlahan yang cukupluas. PohoninibernamaTrembesi (SamaneaSaman). Pohontrembesidewasadapatmenghasilkan 1,2 kg oksigen per hariataucukupdalammenyediakankebutuhanoksigenuntukduaorang per hari. Pohoninijugamempunyaikemampuanterhadappolutandapatmenyerap 28.488 kg CO2/pohon/tahun. Pohoninibaikuntukkitatanamididaerah yang mempuanyaitingkatpolutan yang cukupmeresahkanatautinggi. (sumber: didut.wordpress.com) Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky

8. Small to Medium Trees( less than 40 feet tall) PohonDadapMerah (Erythrinacrista-galliL. Pohoninisangatcocokkalauditanamdihalamanterbuka, karenabisamengundangdatangnyaparaburung. Soalnyaberbagaijenisburungsukasekalimenyantapbuahpohondadapmerahini. Dadapmerah (Erythrinacristagalli) berfungsisebagaitanamanpeneduh. Tumbuhaninibiasanyadapatmenarikperhatiandanburung-burunguntukhinggap. SebabnyakarenabungaDadapMerah yang berwarnamerahnampakindah. Bagikesehatan, DadapMerahjugaberfungsisebagaiobat. PenemuanterbarumembuktikanbahwadaunDadapMerahdapatmenjadiobat anti malaria. Erythrinacrista-galliadalahpohonkecil, lingkaranbatangnyasekitar 50 cm. Biasanyatumbuhsampaisetinggi 5–8 m, meskipunsecara individual dapattumbuhhingga 10 m . Akarnyaadalahakartunggang (taproot) dneganbintilakarnyamengandungbakterifiksasi nitrogen. Bakteriinihidupbersimbiosisdenganpohon, membantupenyerapan nitrogen olehpohondaniamendapatkanbahan organic dariakarpohon. Pohonnyaberkayudenganpercabangan yang tidakteraturdanberduri. Pohondadapmerahsebagaijalurhijaujalanraya, bersamatanamanhiaslainnya (Sumber: forums.gardenweb.com )

9. Eastern Red Cedar – Juniperusvirgiana • Native • 25-30 ft tall • 15-25 ft spread • Long lived • Dense foliage • Drought tolerant cricket.biol.sc.edu Foto. Smno-kampus.ub-Janu 2012 Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky

10. Small to Medium Shrubs • Chinese Juniper, Juniperuschinensis • Mugo Pine, Pinusmugo • Cotoneaster • Stoloniferous dogwoods, Cornussericea (stolonifera) • Hollies, Ilex • Beautyberry, Callicarpa • Pieris • Clethra • Viburnum • Pyracantha Tanamanperduuntukpagarhiduptaman Kota Malang Fotosmno-malang-des 2012 Sumber: Richard Durham, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky

11. GREEN SCAPES: ENVIRONMENTALLY BENEFICIAL LANDSCAPING.

12. GREEN SCAPES IS: Multi-media EPA Partnership Program designed to promote a wide variety of environmentally beneficial landscaping and land management practices. Designed to help preserve natural resources and prevent waste and pollution by encouraging more holistic decisions regarding waste, water, chemicals, energy, and land use. Designed to provide cost-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions - improving both an organization’s bottom-line and the environment. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

13. GREEN SCAPES IS: • Roads & Highways • Commercial Buildings • Industrial Sites • Military Installations • Brownfields • Colleges & Universities • Recreation areas - parks, golf courses, ski resorts, amusement parks, … Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes Sumber: Jalurhijaujalan Veteran Kota Malang, pohonglodogandijalurtengahjalandanangsanaditepianjalanraya. Foto: smno-Malang-Des 2012

14. Think about: • Millions of tons of waste materials that are • Hauled away to a landfill, • Buried, or • Burned Each and every day from landscaping construction and maintenance operations: • Trees • Shrubs, • Brush • Lumber • Asphalt • Concrete, etc… Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes Tempatsampahuntukmengumpulkansampahorganiktamankampus UB, menjadibahanbakupembuatankomposoleh UPT Kompos yang adadikampus UB. Fotosmno-ub-des 2012

15. Make more holistic and sustainable decisions regarding: • Waste generation & disposal • Use of • Water • Chemicals • Air • Plants • Energy • Land & Wetlands Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes Petanimenyemprotkanpupukdaundanpestisidapadatanamankentangdi area perkebunanDesaMekarSaluyu, Kec. Cimenyan, Kab. Bandung, Jawa Barat. Petanimengeluhkantingginyabiayaproduksi yang taksebandingdenganpenghasilandikarenakannaiknyapupukdari Rp1.700/kg kinimenjadiRp 2.000/kg sertamembanjirnyakentangimpordipasar yang menjatuhkanhargakentanglokal. (sumber: http://bisnis-jabar.com/index.php/berita/foto-petani-kentang-keluhkan-naiknya-biaya-produksi)

16. The GreenScapes Solution Focus on the 4 R • Reduce • Reuse • Recycle • Rebuy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_hierarchy Reduce: The first and most important step towards efficient materials use & pollution prevention. • Reduce site and soil disruptions • Reduce waste generation by utilizing slow-growing, low maintenance plant materials. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

17. GREEN SCAPES IS: Avoid landscaping products that require frequent replacement or maintenance to reduce future waste. Durable products will long outlast those of lesser quality, reducing future waste generation and the need to purchase new or replacement products. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Benefcial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up Green building: Materials efficiency Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e.g., Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete), etc. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects. Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximise benefits of off-site manufacture including minimising waste, maximising recycling (because manufacture is in one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust. Diunduhdari: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building ... 3/1/2013

18. Consider: Reduce or eliminate plastic silt fencing. • Substitute with blankets, berms, and filter-socks made of compost. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes Pagarhidupdibuatmengikutibataspemilikanlahandanmempunyaiberbagaifungsisepertimengamankanlahanarimasuknyaternak, sebagaipenahanangin, penahanerosi, sumberkayubakardansumberbahanorganik/mulsa. Berbagaipraktekpemagaran, misalnyacarapenumpukansisatanamanpadabataspemilikanlahanseperti yang ipraktekkandi NTB dapatdiperbaikimenjadisistempagarhidup. Pagarhidupberfungsisebagai umber pakanternak, bahanmulsapenyuburtanah, melindungitanamandarianginkencangdanuntukmengurangikecepatanaliranpermukaanbiladitanamdilahan yang berlerengcuram. Sisteminihampirsamadengansistempertanamanlorong, namuntanamanpagarnyaadalahtanamanrumputpakanternak. Strip dibuatmengikutikonturdenganlebar strip 0,5 m ataulebih. Semakinlebar strip semakinefektifdalampenanggulanganerosidansemakintinggijaminanketersediaanpakanternak. Manfaat Strip rumputpakanternakpentingbagipetani yang memeliharaternakruminansiasebagaipenyanggakekuranganhijauanpakanpadamusimkemarau. Padakeadaantertentuapabilaternaksemakinpenting, petanibisasajamemilihuntukmenggantitanamanpangandenganrumputpakanternaksehinggategalannyaberubahmenjadipadangrumput. • Sumber: diunduhdari http://balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=170:hidup&catid=53:tekno…… 3/1/2013

19. Compost provides: • Superior filtration & erosion prevention/control • More easily installed & maintained • Control & reduction of non-point source pollution. • Does not require removal or disposal from site once job is complete Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes Diunduhdari: http://rw08secerahpagi.blogspot.com/2010/10/modul-komposting.html Sumber: diunduhdari: …………… 3/1/2013

20. Reuse: Key to effective management by making the most of your valuable resources: Financial Materials http://wasteawarebusiness.wordpress.com/2009/03/04/waste-hierarchy-what-level-are-you-at/ Ways to reuse: • Chip trees and wood waste into mulch. • Saves money on disposal costs and commercial mulch purchases • Provides benefits of mulch: • Moisture retention • Weed prevention • Erosion control Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

21. Additional reuse options: • Disassemble and use structural wood elsewhere, sell or grind into mulch. Return wooden pallets to your supplier whenever possible. • Donate healthy plants to community gardens, schools, churches, or other local local non-profit organizations when updating or removing trees & shrubs from landscape. • Use alternative sources of irrigation water such as gray water, reclaimed water, and collected rain water. A few additional ways to reduce: • Reduce nonpermeable hardscape to minimize rainwater runoff & erosion. • Switch from benches, boardwalks & bridges made from wood to long-lived plastic lumber. • Conserve water and reduce maintenance by Xeriscaping. • Reduce chemical use by using native plants and organic biobased fertilizers. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

22. RECYCLE: Save money on disposal costs, by recycling waste materials You may even be able to get a few dollars for them. • Send wood waste & trimmings that cannot be composted on site to a local composting facility. • Recycle plastic fencing, barriers, plant & pesticide containers. • Collect and recycle used oil & tires from your vehicles and equipment. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

23. Rebuy: • Rebuying means re-thinking your purchasing habits. • Look for products that meet your needs but have a better environmental profile than your current product purchases. • Recycled content • Biobased products (incl. fuels & lubricants) • Renewable energy & products • Energy & water efficient Rebuying is key to sustainability by putting valuable materials back to work . Change your thinking: It’s not waste – it’s another resource. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

24. For example: • Use compost to minimize / eliminate: • Soil erosion • Runoff • Nonpoint source pollution • Irrigation • Fertilizers • Pesticides It’s both a recycled & biobased product. Better, Faster, Cheaper Cleanups Provides an inexpensive & straightforward solution to managing hazardous industrial waste streams & remediating soils contaminated with toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

25. Returns site to precontamination condition • Provides soil conditioning • Nutrients • Water retention • Erosion control • Micro-organisms essential for healthy soil Proven effective for: • Chlorinated & nonchlorinated hydrocarbons • Wood-preserving chemicals • Solvents • Heavy metals • Pesticides • Petroleum products • Explosives Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

26. Select plastic lumber made from recycled bottles & bags. • Extremely durable • Lasts longer than wood • Requires less maintenance than wood • Labor • Paint / solvents • Repairs • Significant long-term savings. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

27. Specify rubberized asphalt (made from recycled tires) for: • Walking paths • Bike paths • Cart paths • Parking lots Extends the life of the trails and reduces frequency of repairs. Greenway JalanIjen Kota Malang, dilengkapijalurhijau, koridorbagipejalan kaki, danjalurpenyekatditengahjalan Foto: smno-malang-des 2012 Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

28. Benefits of just these 3 products: CompostPlastic lumberRubberized asphaltEvery scrap of organics, plastics (LDPE, HDPE, PET), and tires generated in the entire U.S could be put to use by the landscaping industry alone. • Equal or better performance • Material cost savings • Labor cost savings • All of this means money in your pocket. Benefits: Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

29. Apply the 4 R to everything you do: • Reduce water use • Implement “hydrozones”- grouping plants by water needs • Irrigation sensors • Use compost & mulch Reuse and recycle water – use gray & rain water Compostto reduce waste and reuse nutrients • Reduce pesticide and fertilizer use • Test to determine needs • Use only where & when needed – spot treat. ReBuy • Organic fertilizers and pest controls whenever possible. • Native, slow-growing, low-maintenance plants & grasses Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

30. The Economic & Environmental Benefits of GreenScaping: • Reduced water use • Reduced irrigation costs – water & energy • Reduced plant growth • Reduced plant maintenance • Reduced waste generation • Reduced labor – time & cost (maint. & disposal) • Reduced equipment operating times • Reduced equip. maint. – labor & supplies • Reduced fuel use • Reduced emissions • Reduced fertilizer use – material & labor savings • Reduced pesticide use –material & labor savings • Reduced nonpoint source pollution • Reduced exposure to hazardous materials • Reduce insurance costs? Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes

31. Additional Benefits of GreenScaping: Reduced exposure to : your customers, employees, and yourself from potentially harmful chemicals, solvents, fuels, and pesticides. Sumber: Green Scapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping. Building Sustainability From the Ground Up. www.epa.gov/greenscapes