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Chemistry 1020 Laboratory

Chemistry 1020 Laboratory. Classification of Organic Compounds. Hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are the fundamental framework of organic compounds, which contain only hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbon Classes.

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Chemistry 1020 Laboratory

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  1. Chemistry 1020 Laboratory Classification of Organic Compounds

  2. Hydrocarbon • Hydrocarbons are the fundamental framework of organic compounds, which contain only hydrogen and carbon

  3. Hydrocarbon Classes • Hydrocarbons can be classified into three classes based on their structure and chemical behavior: alkane, alkene and alkyne, aromatic hydrocarbon • Various classes of hydrocarbons react differently with many reagents

  4. Alkane • Saturated, single bond (C-C) CnH2n+2: CH4, C2H6, C3H8…… H3C - CH3, H3C - CH2 - CH3

  5. Alkene and Alkyne • Alkene: Unsaturated, double (C=C) CnH2n: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8…… H2C = CH2, H2C = CH- CH3, H2C = CH– CH2 - CH3 • Alkyne: Unsaturated, triple bond (CC) CnH2n-2: C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 HC  CH, HC C- CH3, HCC– CH2 - CH3

  6. Aromatic Hydrocarbon • Benzene cyclic structure, hybridized bond that are intermediate in behavior to single and double bonds C6H5-CH3, C6H5-CH2-CH3

  7. Combustion • The type and color of flame and smoke are different due to their different amount of carbon content • The extent of oxidation for the same hydrocarbon could be different: 2C2H6 + 3O2 4C + 6H2O 2C2H6 + 5O2 4CO + 6H2O 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2+ 6H2O

  8. Saturation • Bromine (Br2): - react very slowly with alkanes - easily adds to multiple bonds of alkenes and alkynes - react with aromatic hydrocarbon only in the presence of a catalyst (iron) +: red-brown disappear - : remain red-brown

  9. Oxidation • Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) – a strong oxidizing agent: - react very slowly and lesser extent with alkanes - attack the more reactive double bonds of alkenes and alkynes, forming compounds of higher oxidation state - don’t react with aromatic hydrocarbon because of unusual stability of the aromatic ring structure +: pink disappears - : remain pink

  10. Safety • Organic solvent used are very volatile and flammable, and their vapors are explosive in air so be extremely careful with open flames • The unknowns should be treated as if they are toxic and flammable, should be handled very carefully • Wastes should be collected and never thrown in the sink

  11. Pre-lab Questions • You have to know the names and structures of a compound in different classes of hydrocarbons • You have to know the equation balance for different products in the combustion • You have to know the different classes of hydrocarbons have different reactivity • Know how to classify an unknown from the test results

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