1 / 40

Chromosomes and Inheritance

Chromosomes and Inheritance. BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson. Hemophilia. Blood clotting impaired Recessive allele, h carried on X cms X-linked recessive trait More common in males. X-linked Recessive Traits. Alleles are on the X chromosome

phillipdaniels
Download Presentation

Chromosomes and Inheritance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chromosomes and Inheritance BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Hemophilia Blood clotting impaired Recessive allele, h carried on X cms X-linked recessive trait More common in males

  3. X-linked Recessive Traits • Alleles are on the X chromosome • Inheritance pattern different in males and females

  4. XH XH = Normal Female XH Xh = Normal Female (Carrier) Xh Xh = Hemophilic Female XHy = Normal Male Xhy = Hemophiliac Male

  5. A man with hemophilia marries a normal woman who is not a carrier. What is the chance their children will inherit hemophilia? Hemophilia is X-linked recessive.

  6. XH XH = Normal Female XH Xh = Normal Female (Carrier) Xh Xh = Hemophilic Female XHy = Normal Male Xhy = Hemophiliac Male XH XH Xh XH Xh XH Xh XHy XHy y

  7. XH XH Xh XH Xh XH Xh XHy XHy y Genotypes 2 XH Xh, 2XHy Phenotypes 2 Carrier Females 2 Normal Males Probability O% for Hemophilia

  8. A normal man marries a woman who is a carrier for hemophilia. What is the chance their children will inherit hemophilia?

  9. XH XH = Normal Female XH Xh = Normal Female (Carrier) Xh Xh = Hemophilic Female XHy = Normal Male Xhy = Hemophiliac Male XH XH XH Xh XHy Xhy XH Xh XH y

  10. XH Xh Genotypes XH XH , XH Xh, XHy, Xhy XH XH XH XH Xh Phenotypes 2 Normal Females 1 Normal Males 1 Male Hemophiliac XHy Xhy y Probability 50% for Male Hemophilic 0% for Female Hemophilic

  11. Fertilization

  12. Nondisjunction One pair of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis

  13. Trisomy Zygote ends up with 3 chromosomes instead of 2 for a given chromosome pair.

  14. Karyotype • Picture of chromosomes • Often arranged with autosomes in descending order and sex chromosomes separate

  15. Normal Male

  16. Normal Female

  17. Trisomy 21Down Syndrome

  18. Down Syndrome • Large tongue • Flat face • Single crease across palm • Slanted eyes • Mental retardation • Some are not

  19. Maternal Age & Down Syndrome

  20. Trisomy 18Edward Syndrome

  21. Edward Syndrome • Heart defects • Displaced liver • Abnormal hands • Low-set ears • Severe retardation • 98% abort • Lifespan < 1 year

  22. Trisomy 13Patau Syndrome

  23. Patau Syndrome • Cleft lip and palate • Extra fingers & toes • polydactylism • Defects • Heart • Brain • Kidney • Most abort • Live span < 1 month

  24. Klinefelter Syndrome

  25. Klinefelter Syndrome • Breast development • Small testes • Sterile • Some have low intelligence • Not retarded

  26. Turner Syndrome

  27. Turner Syndrome • Short • Not go through pruberty • Produce little estrogen • Sterile • Extra skin on neck

  28. Jacobs Syndrome

  29. Jacobs Syndrome • Xyy • Tall • Acne

  30. Abnormal Chromosome Numbers • Aneuploidy • Missing or extra chromosome • Polyploidy • Extra set of chromosomes • Usually lethal • Common in cancer • Common in plants

  31. Amniocentesis can determine abnormal karyotypes

  32. Translocation • Part of a chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

  33. Translocation of Between Chromosomes 1 and 3 • Part of chromosome 3 attached to chromosome 1 • Acute myeloid leukemia

  34. Part of a chromosome is inverted A B C D E F G H I J Inversion A B C D E F I H G J

  35. Inversion of Chromosome 16 • Acute myeloid leukemia

  36. Deletion • Part of a chromosome is deleted

  37. Cat Cry Syndrome • Deletion of part of chromosome 5 • High-pitched cry like a cat • Large ears • Retarded

  38. Part of a chromosome is duplicated A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J Duplication I J

  39. Chromosome 10q duplication syndrome • Mental retardation • Defects in many organs • Heart • Kidneys • Bones • Muscles • Life span less than 1 year

  40. The End

More Related