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WAN Connection Types

WAN Connection Types. Point-to-Point connection No setup before transmission Up to 45Mbs. Setup before transmission Dial-up modems or ISDN Low bandwidth. Share bandwidth Frame Relay and X.25 56Kbps to 2.048Mps. High-Level Data-Link Control Protocol.

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WAN Connection Types

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  1. WAN Networking Protocols WAN Connection Types • Point-to-Point connection • No setup before transmission • Up to 45Mbs • Setup before transmission • Dial-up modems or ISDN • Low bandwidth • Share bandwidth • Frame Relay and X.25 • 56Kbps to 2.048Mps

  2. WAN Networking Protocols High-Level Data-Link Control Protocol • HDLC specifies an encapsulation method for data on synchronous serial data links using frame characters and checksums. • Default encapsulation used by CISCO. • Everyone has its own proprietary HDLC. • If your are connecting a CISCO router with another type router, you must specify an encapsulation type (protocol).

  3. WAN Networking Protocols PPP • PPP is an Internet standard protocol to provide point-to-point, router-to-router, and host-to-host connections. • It supports network layer protocols • IP • Novell IPX • Apple Talk • It can be used over several different physical interfaces • Asynchronous serial • ISDN synchronous serial • High-speed Serial Interface

  4. WAN Networking Protocols Establishing PPP Communication • Communication process is established in three steps: • Link Establishment • Authentication • Password Authentication (PAP) • Challenge Authentication Protocol (CHAP) • Network Layer Protocol negotiation

  5. WAN Networking Protocols Link Establishment and LCP • Link Control Protocol (LCP) is responsible to configure and test the link. • LCP packets can contain many different pieces of information such as: • Authentication • Link Quality Monitoring and Magic Number • Compression

  6. WAN Networking Protocols Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers

  7. WAN Networking Protocols Frame Relay CSU/DSU (channel service unit/ digital service unit) • Frame Relay provides connection-oriented, Data Link layer communication via virtual circuits. • ANSI defines Frame Relay as a connection between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data communication equipment (DCE) over high speed digital medium. • CSU/DSU is located at customer location and used for encoding, filtering, and translating communication to and from the digital line.

  8. WAN Networking Protocols Frame Relay • Supports many protocols, IP, Novell IPX, Decnet, AppleTalk, .... • Efficient and fast (56Kps to 44.736Mbps) since it does not perform error checking. • Uses both permanent virtual circuits (PVC) and switched virtual circuits (SPC). • Virtual circuits are maintained by a software and multiplexed on onto physical channels.

  9. WAN Networking Protocols Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCI) • Frame Relay virtual circuits are identified by DLCIs. • IP address need to be mapped DLCI

  10. WAN Networking Protocols How Frame Relay works

  11. WAN Networking Protocols Subinterfaces • You can have multiple virtual circuits on a single interface and treat each one as a separate interface. R(config)>interface s0 R(config-if)>encapsulation frame-relay [ietf] R(config-if)>int s0.16 point-to-point (or multipoint)

  12. WAN Networking Protocols Mapping Frame Relay Manual Mapping R(config)>interface s0 R(config-if)>encapsulation frame-relay R(config-if)>int s0.16 multipoint R(config-subif)>no inverse-arp R(config-subif)>ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0 R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172.16.30.17 16 ietf broadcast R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172.16.30.18 17 broadcast R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172.16.30.19 18 Using Reverse-ARP R(config)>interface s0.16 R(config-subif)>encapsulation frame-relay ietf R(config-subif)>ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0

  13. WAN Networking Protocols Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) • ISDN is a digital service designed to run over existing telephone networks. • ISDN supports both voice, video, and data • Call setup is faster than with a modem. • Data rates are faster than one modem connection.

  14. WAN Networking Protocols ISDN Components

  15. WAN Networking Protocols ISND Terminals • Terminal adapter: A converter device that allows non-ISDN devices to operate on an ISDN network. • Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1): A device that supports ISDN standards. • Terminal Equipment 2 (TE2): A non-ISDN device. • Network Termination 1 (NT1): A device that is attached to ISND BRI lines to provide power. It also terminates the 2-wire connection from CO and connects to the 4-wire customer network. • Network Termination 2 (NT2): A provider equipment.

  16. WAN Networking Protocols Reference Points • U • The U-interface is the actual two-wire cable which connects the customer’s equipment to the telecommunications provider • R • The R-interface is the wire or circuit that connects TE2 to the TA • S • TheS-interface is a four-wire cable from TE1 or TA to the NT1 or NT2 • T • The point between NT1 and NT2, which is also called the T-interface • S/T

  17. WAN Networking Protocols Connecting to the Provider

  18. WAN Networking Protocols ISDN Switch Types • Interfaces • Basic Rate Interface (BRI) • Primary Rate (Interface) • Potential Switch Types To Be Obtained from ISDN Providers • basic-5ess, basic-dms100, basic-ni,.... • Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs) • Reference number assigned to ISDN channels • Functions like a phone number • Frequently referred to as ISDN phone numbers • Most modern ISDN systems now have a feature called AutoSPID

  19. WAN Networking Protocols ISDN with CISCO Router

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