ASA 104 Bareboat Charter

1. ASA 104 Bareboat Charter Captain Mike Brown

2. Self Tailing Winches After taking at least 3 turns around the winch drum, lines are fed over the metal line guide/feeder, then into the self tailing jaws on a self tailing winch. Don’t use winch to furl headsail .

3. Seacocks Seacock lever is parallel to the through hull fitting indicating it is open. Seacock lever is perpendicular to the fitting preventing water from flowing through indicating it is closed.

4. Heads • Water comes in from outside of the boat through a hose. • Waste travels out through a thick hose connected to the bottom of the head. • If there is overboard discharge there will be a Y Valve. One line leads directly overboard and the other to a holding tank. • If there is no overboard discharge then it is a closed system and no Y valve exists.

5. Bilge Pumps • Keep bilge pumps switch on at the main breaker at all times, even when bilge is dry. • First response to a serious leak should be to activate the bilge pumps.

6. Diesel Engines • Diesel engines have no spark plug. Works through compression of fuel and initial ignition via glow plug. Glow plug not the same as spark plug. No spark plug on diesel engine.

7. Diesel Engine Cooling • Closed Engine System- Water pump circulates water from reservoir through engine to cool it. Under pressure once engine heats up. • Raw Water System- Cools water in closed engine system. Water enter via through hull to a raw water strainer, that prevents debris from going further into system. Then goes to raw water pump which forces water through heat exchanger where the two cooling systems meet but do not touch. Finally raw water goes out exhaust line at stern.

8. Diesel Engine Cooling • Obstruction in intake will cause raw water system to fail. The raw water intake through hull must be closed before the strainer can be serviced.

9. Gasoline Engines • 2 stroke gasoline engines use gasoline mixed with fuel. • A plastic clip on a modern outboard must be on to start the engine. • Gas tank vents should be open prior to starting a gasoline engine.

10. Diesel Engine Fuel System • Fuel tank has lines to engine. Fuel shut off switch located between tank and engine. Valve works like seacock. Valve open when lever points parallel to line and closed when it runs perpendicular. • Fuel goes from tank to fuel separator and filter which removes water and fine sediment. Valve at bottom lets you release water and sediment. Sometimes separator and filter are separate.

11. Diesel Engine Fuel System • After primary filter and separator fuel goes to fuel pump, located on engine block. There may be a lift pump in fuel pump to allow fuel to be drawn from tank manually to prime fuel system. • After fuel pump fuel goes to injector pump where the fuel is compressed and forced through the injectors. The injectors atomize the fuel so it is ready to burn.

12. Other parts of Diesel Engine • Alternator • Transmission • Stuffing box for shaft to prop

13. Electrical Systems • AC Electrical System Power from shore. Turn master switch off before removing shore power cable. • DC Electrical System (House system). Power from batteries. Battery switch If engine does not crank at all first thing to check is battery switch.

14. Electrical Systems • Switches on electrical panel act as circuit breakers.

15. Distress Signals Orange background with black square and ball is not the same as hurricane warning flag. Hurricane Warning flag is 2 black squares Against an orange background.

16. Tri Color Light • Used on <65 foot sailing vessels but only when sailing. Must turn off tricolor and put on navigation lights when engine engaged and steaming light on. • All types of navigation lights should be used at night or in reduced visibility.

17. Sound Signals Inland Rules • One short blast means you intend to leave the other vessel to starboard. • Two short blasts means you intend to leave the other vessel to port. • Response is to give same signal if you agree. • Three short blasts means you are in reverse. • Five short blasts indicates a danger situation.

18. Sound Signals Inland Rules • One prolonged followed by two short blasts every two minutes is proper signal in reduced visibility for a sailboat. • One prolonged is signal for power boat in reduced visibility. • Prolonged blast is 4-6 seconds. Short blast is 2-3 seconds.

19. Soundings • Soundings can be measured in feet, meters, or fathoms. • A fathom is 6 feet. • A meter is between 3.1 Feet

20. Mooring Balls Attach bridle through mooring pennant. Pick Up pennant with boat hook as you slowly Approach. If you miss then come around Again.

21. Reduced Visibility • In reduced visibility. (Fog) Not due to it being dark. Slow down. • Use sound signals. • One prolonged and two short blasts for sailboat every two minutes. • One prolonged blast for power boat every two minutes.

22. Lights and their arcs of Visibility • The side lights, stern light, and steaming light have an arc of visibility: A tri-colored light can be used by sailboats under 65.5 feet (20 meters) in place of normal side lights and stern light while under sail.

23. ASA104 Bareboat Sailing • Dumping garbage not allowed any where in US waters.

24. ASA104 Basic Keelboat Sailing No motor. Side and stern lights required. With motor. In use, Side, stern, and steaming lights required. If less than 23 feet and no motor then flashlight required. Anchor light required at night if at anchor. What lights are required at night on sailboats? A tri-colored light can be used by sailboats under 65.5 feet (20 meters) in place of normal side lights and stern light while under sail.

25. Boats Traveling to a Foreign Country • Should clear at port of entry. • Customs and Immigration will require ship’s documentation and registration papers and crew’s passports. • The flag of the boat’s country of registry should be flown off the stern. • Yellow quarantine flag is flown off the starboard spreader when entering foreign port or returning to US port. • The courtesy flag of the host country may be flown off the starboard spreader after quarantine over.

26. Fog • Advection Fog- Can develop any season and anytime. Can occur in windy conditions. Happens when warm moist air moves over a surface cool enough to drop the temperature below the dew point. • Radiation Fog- Happens over land at night. Does not occur in high winds. • When navigating in fog reduce your speed, • make proper sound signals, and hoist a radar reflector.

27. Fuel Consumption • Expressed in Gallons/hour • Fuel consumption rate is equal to amount of fuel consumed per hour • We used 2.7 gal in 1 hr 45 minutes. What is consumption rate? 45/60 = 0.75 + 1 = 1.75 hours. 2.7 gal/1.75 hr = 1.5 gallons/hour

28. Fuel Consumption • Our boat uses ¾ gallon per hour at a cruising speed of 5.5 knots. We have a 20 gallon tank and want to refuel before tank gets down to 1/8 full. How many miles can we travel before refueling? • 20 gal X 0.75 = 15 • 20 gal X 1/8 (0.125)=2.5 gal • 15 – 2.5 = 12.5 gal • 12.5/ 0.75 gallon/hr = 16.6 hr • 5.5 kts X 16.6 hr = 91.6 nm

29. Skipper and Crew • Vessels should have skipper assigned so all know where responsibility lies. • Crew members are required to follow orders.

30. Anchoring • The first boat in an anchorage establishes the method of anchoring to be followed by others who anchor nearby. • Additional scope should be added to hold extra weight of rafted boats. • Anchoring is prohibited in most channels. • Never use an anchor windlass to pull a boat forward or break an anchor free from the bottom. • Increase scope if anchor drags. • Tie anchor line to cleat, never a stanchion.

31. Dingies • When using a dingy at night you should have a flashlight, a PFD for all on board, and oars or paddles. • In windy conditions, a motorized dingy should approach an anchored sailboat from down-wind.

32. Responsibilities of skipper and Crew • Skipper or captain is responsible for the save operation of the vessel and crew. • Crew helps with sheets, halyards, acts as lookout, etc. • Helmsman may be different from skipper.

33. Navigation Concepts • True verses Magnetic Variation • Dead Reckoning-Plotting a position based on advancing from a know position using speed, distance, and time. • Longitude- Positions east and west of Greenwich (Prime Meridian) expressed in degrees • Latitude- Positions north and south of the equator expressed in degrees • One minute of latitude is a nautical mile • Chart #1 lists chart symbols and their meanings

34. Navigation Tools True North- The axis of the earths rotation. This is the north geographic pole. Magnetic North-Refers to magnetic north pole, which is different from True North. Variation- The difference between True North and Magnetic North as measured at a particular position on earth. Changes with location on earth.

35. Navigation Tools Typical Compass Rose from a Coastal Navigation Chart.

36. Basic Plotting • Speed: • Measured in Knots • One NM = One nautical mile per hour. • Never refer to speed as knots per hour. • S speed is boat speed through the water as measured by a knot log. If the water is moving also and thus changing the boat speed relative to the ground the knot log will not know it. • SOG is boat speed over ground as measured by dividing the distance traveled over ground by the elapsed time.

37. Basic Plotting • Time: • Hours and minutes must be converted to hours and decimal hours instead of minutes for speed calculations. • 8 hours 27 minutes is equal to 8.45 hours. (27/60 = 0.45 + 8 = 8.45 hours.) • Decimal hours need to be converted to hours and minutes for marking the chart and determining when you will arrive at your destination. • 21.63 hours = 21 + 0.63 X 60 = 21 hours 38 minutes = 2139

38. Dead Reckoning • Dead Reckoning is the fundamental basis of navigation and evaluation of route progress. DR is a procedure involving the following: • Plotting on a regular and timely basis the course steered based on psc during a time internal such as 15-60 minutes, or longer periods in ocean trips. • Plotting the distance traveled through the water, based on the speed or distance log, during the same time interval.

39. How to label a course line? • Put course on top of course line and speed below course line ________C256M________________ S4.0 kts

40. Basic Plotting Distance-Speed-Time Calculations. • Distance = Speed X Time • Speed = Distance / Time • Time = Distance / Speed. Just remember D Street and cover up the unknown.

41. Thermal Effects Sea Breeze Land Breeze

42. How to use the Marine Head • Open intake through hull value if not already open/Pump bowl wet/clear waste/close through hull valves. • Holding tanks must be used within 3 miles of the coastal US and on lakes and rivers. • A macerator can be used for discharge of raw waste a minimum of 3 miles from the US coast.

43. Galleys • Propane stoves • Compressed natural gas stoves • Alcohol stoves • Kerosene not used

44. Miscellaneous • High alcohol consumption can cause seasickness. • Emergency tiller fits in to rudder post extension. • Never use lifelines as a ladder to climb a few feet above deck level.

45. Miscellaneous • File float plan with friend or family member, not the USCG. • In an emergency shut off the gas solenoid valve on a gas stove and shut it off at the source (gas canister). • Racing sailboats must follow the rules of the road just like anyone else. No special right of way.

46. Miscellaneous • Most inboard equipped sailboats with a right-handed screw will tend to pull to port with the rudder centered. • The knot log may require occassional removal to clear marine life. • Airports may supply useful weather information that is valuable to mariners.

47. Miscellaneous • Turning the propeller shaft by hand might help free a line accidentally wrapped around the propeller. • Intentional grounding may be a proper response to engine failure in a channel. • Ask for permission to come aboard before boarding another vessel. • Cross traffic separation zone at right angles.

48. Why use VHF Radio? Not required for vessel below 65.5 feet but VHF recommend in order to get: • Weather information. Available 24 hours a day from NOAA. • Communicate with other boats. • Way to get help in an emergency. • Way to know if someone else needs assistance. • Cheap entertainment tool. It’s fun.

49. What is range of VHF • VHF range depends mostly on line of site. • Higher the antenna the greater the coverage. • Handhelds 2-4 miles if not obstructed by hills. May have trouble communicating with handheld if at extreme ends of Lake. • Fixed Systems 10 miles typical if antenna at top of mast. • Use 3 dB antenna at top of mast for best range on sailboats.

50. How to hail another vessel? • Hail vessels on channel 16 or 9. • Once you hail a vessel on channel 16 or 9 immediately switch to a working channel. • Working channels are Ch. 68, 69, 71, 72, 78. Don’t use channels other than these as working channels.