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Processing Lignins

Processing Lignins. Guozhan Jiang. Objectives. To find a method to convert Etek and Asian lignins into bio-oils. To characterise the products using PyGC/MS and other chromatographic or spectroscopic methods. To upgrade the bio-oils to valuable chemicals or transportation oils. . Outline.

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Processing Lignins

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  1. Processing Lignins Guozhan Jiang

  2. Objectives • To find a method to convert Etek and Asian lignins into bio-oils. • To characterise the products using PyGC/MS and other chromatographic or spectroscopic methods. • To upgrade the bio-oils to valuable chemicals or transportation oils.

  3. Outline • Component determination • PyGC-MS work • Preliminary work for run on 150g/h rig • Alternative way to pyrolysis • Future work

  4. Component determination: wet chemistry method Extractives: Extracted using: ethanol/toluene (6hrs) ethanol (4hrs) water (2hrs) Lignin (Klason): 0.1M NaOH boiling 1hr 72% H2SO4 treatment 4hrs Biomass Cellulose: NaClO2 bleaching of holocellulose Hemicellulose: 17.5% NaOH treatment of cellulose

  5. Results

  6. Component determination • The component of Etek lignin can be determined using this method. • This method is not suitable for Asian lignin since the extractive free samples can be completely dissolved in 0.1M NaOH. • Asian lignin must have a much less cross-linking density in its molecular structure. Conclusions

  7. PyGC-MS work Species containing m/z =94 and 78 Asian lignin @600oC for 15s

  8. Etek lignin species containing m/z = 94 and 78 Etek lignin@600oC for 15s

  9. Asian lignin@600oC for 15s Asian lignin @400oC for 15s

  10. Etek lignin 400 and 600 Etek lignin @600oC for 15s Etek lignin@400oC for 15s

  11. PyGC-MS work • The two lignins can not be pyrolysed effectively at 400oC. • Asian lignin is a ‘real’ lignin. • Etek lignin has similar composition to normal biomass. Conclusions

  12. Preliminary work for run lignins on 150g/h rig • The two lignins are difficult to feed continuously. • Two approaches to be adopted for feeding properly (1) Modify feeding system, (2) Modify lignins. • Modification of lignins is chosen in this work by pelitization.

  13. Asian lignin Mixing Heating up Suspension “Dough” like 80oC Ethanol Drying Pellet Pellitization Alcohol extracted compounds as binders

  14. Pelletization of Asian lignin Before pelleting After pelleting

  15. Pellet

  16. Alternative to pyrolysis Asian lignin

  17. Alternative to pyrolysis Extractive free sample dissolved in 0.1M NaOH, 2%

  18. Future work • Run Asian and Etek lignins on 150 g/h rig for pyrolysis • Hydrogenation of lignin pyrolytic products to produce saturated phenol and phenol substitutes, which may be used to produce phenolic resin. • Quantification of mass balance using Py-GC/MS. • Hydrogen, steam or alcohol assisted pyrolysis to reduce char formation.

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