KERALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AGENCY

1. KERALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AGENCY JALANIDHI PROJECTS I & II PranabjyotiNath IAS Deputy Executive Director

2. JALANIDHI-I FIRST RUNNER-UPPEOPLES FIRST AWARD (World Bank, 2008)

3. Key Project Outputs

4. Key Principles of the Jalanidhi Approach Adoption of a demand-driven approach to service delivery and use of participatory processes Shift in government’s role from direct service delivery to that of planning, policy formulation, M&E, and part-financing capital costs Beneficiary groups (BGs) make capital costs financing contributions and cover 100% of O&M costs through tariffs

5. Project Outcomes - I The Jalanidhi-I project successfully demonstrated that communities, including the poorest and most vulnerable groups, can: • demand, plan, design, implement and manage WSS schemes • contribute to partial capital investment • fully recover O&M costs

6. Project Outcomes - II The decentralized service delivery model was successfully demonstrated by GPs and rural communities. The project worked in 3,712 participating communities in 112 GPs (of a total of 978 in the state) Improved water services were provided to 1.13 M people Water supply coverage increased from 55 to 81 % in the GPs covered by the project The project helped 753,000 people to have access to improved sanitation services Sanitation coverage increased from 76 to 86 % 85 GPs received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar award for open defecation free (ODF) villages

7. Project Outcomes - III GPs contributed 10 % and communities 15 % to the capital costs of schemes under the infrastructure component GPs and communities, including the most vulnerable groups, contributed substantially towards the capital cost thus helping to reduce GOK subsidies Even vulnerable groups, such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) contributed significant amounts in cash and labor (6,755 HHs benefited under project)

8. Project Outcomes - IV The project was successful in being inclusive of poor and marginalized groups: • 53 % of project beneficiary HHs belonged to the below poverty line (BPL) category • About 16 % of project beneficiaries were SC/ ST • ST families made 83.6 lakhs (US$ xx) in contributions by way of labour and cash • The project succeeded in empowering women, throughout subproject cycle

9. Project Outcomes - V • Project built capacity for further scaling up at all levels: state, districts, GPs and communities as well as in support organizations and private sector • This capacity should not be lost but utilized in the future… KRWSA since appointed WSSO for the State! • GOK, KRWSA and KWA conducted innovative experiments whose lessons learned will be critical for further scaling up: • G-PATs • Scheme Level Committees for larger WS schemes • KWA partnership in implementing multi-GP schemes • Transfer and rehabilitation of KWA/GP schemes, etc

10. Institutional Arrangement WB GoK KRWSA PMU DPMU GP SO/GPAT BG

11. FINANCIAL DETAILS Original Project Estimate - Rs. 4514 million Revised Estimate at MTR - Rs.3815 million Claim submitted to WB - Rs 2760 million Claim received - Rs 2760 million Utilization - 100%

12. Lessons Learned Willingness to pay of beneficiaries was demonstrated through their high contribution to capital cost sharing, ie 15% Tribal groups shared both capital and O&M costs 100% O&M costs were recovered by BGs in all completed schemes Successfully transferred (from KWA to GP) and rehabilitated single-GP schemes, with improved service delivery

13. Lessons Learned There is an overall saving of 10-15% in the capital costs of water schemes when community contracting is used Communities proved they could take up planning, implementation and O&M of even large schemes serving more than 1,000 families Partnership schemes with KWA, for multi-GP schemes, can be replicated

14. Operational Learnings • Institutional Arrangements: • Demonstrated that the active participation of GPs and BGs leads to greater accountability and long term sustainability • NGOs/GPATs as Support Organizations for GPs are extremely helpful for the successful completion of project

15. Sustainability • Sustainability is a very broad term • In the context of rural/ community water supply is very much linked with the local perspective as to what mode of service is perceived upon. • In the context of Jalanidhi, Sustainability is defined as • Capability of each Beneficiary Group to demonstrate performance which satisfies majority of the consumer’s normative water needs. In other words “Sustainability implies that the system works through out its life and beyond, and is able to generate adequate cash flow for future expansion/renewal.”

16. 5 steps towards sustainability Capable leadership with problem diagnosing and rectifying ability Institutional setup 5 Financial fitness Able to meet true expenses through O&M collection 4 Quality water Consumer satisfied over visual quality and taste perceptions 3 Supply System Faultless operation, low maintenance and equitable distribution 2 Water source Able to meet peak summer demand and sustainable extraction 1

17. JALANIDHI : S E E STUDY KEY RESULTS

18. With the experience gained KRWSA move on to Jalanidhi II

19. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To assist the GOK in increasing rural communities’ access to improved and sustainable water supply and sanitation services in Kerala, using a decentralized, demand-responsive approach

20. PROJECT SCOPE Project Districts - 8 districts out of 14 in state: Kasargode, Kannur,Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad ,Idduki, Kottayam Project GPs - 200 Gram Panchayaths (178 to be self-selected based on GP selection criteria) from above districts and 22 GPs selected for Tribal Development Program - Some 9-15 GPs will be covered through rehabilitation and modernization of multi-GP schemes (KWA and GPs joint responsibilities)

21. KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Joint ownership (GP & BG) of scheme assets Due weightage for water quality and SC/ST in GP selection GP share increased to 15% from 10%, BG share reduced to 10% from 15% Reduced share for vulnerable groups Higher delegation of administrative & financial powers from PMU to RPMUs & GPSTs Setting-up of GPSTs for in situ support to BGs and GPs Only bilateral agreements instead of tripartite and quadrilateral agreements Preparation of GP-level water security & development plans for sustainability of sources Up-front setting-up of institutional mechanism at the GP level for sustainable O&M backup

22. KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Increased focus on community-level, rather than HH-level, sanitation (solid & liquid waste management) Special emphasis on GP-level groundwater recharge (GWR) activities Multi-GP schemes to be rehabilitated and modernized in partnership between KWA and GPs Efficient back-up system management models to be explored Institutionalization of systematic WQ monitoring & surveillance statewide focusing on community-based WSS Rationalization and harmonization of RWSS sector in state to be reviewed and road map developed and implemented with project support

23. INSTITUIONAL MODEL WB GOI GOK KRWSA-GB&GC KRWSA-PMU KRWSA-RPMU GPST GP KWA GPAT/SO Suchitwa Mission (Sanitation) BG

24. Grama Panchayath Selection Criteria

25. GP Selection Criteria for TDP District-wise population of the ST is taken as primary criteria for the selection of districts, accordingly two districts, Wayanad and Idukki have been identified From the above two districts, those GPs having 16% or more ST population (according to 2001 census data) are included for project implementation

26. FUNDING PATTERN

27. PROJECT COMPONENTS

28. PROJECT COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES • Water supply schemes • Tribal Development Plan • Groundwater recharge (GWR) • ‘Second Generation’ sanitation challenges • Multi-GP schemes partial transfer, rehabilitation and modernization (with KWA) • Capacity building • IEC activities • Monitoring and evaluation. • GP strengthening • Statewide RWSS sector- review and rationalization.

29. COST SHARING PATTERN

31. SCHEME CYCLE

32. FINANCIAL ARRANGMENTS FUND FLOW GOK Budget PMU Treasury Expenses of PMU / Payments for Works undertaken through PMU PMU Bank Expenses of RPMU /GPSTand Works undertaken through RPMU RPMU Bank GP Share GP Project Bank A/c Expenses on GP Activities BG Project Bank A/c BG Share BG Expenses

33. WOMEN IN JALANIDHI Planning BG mobilization & Contribution collection Beneficiary Group( 50 % participation) Beneficiary Committee (President/Secretary & Treasurer – invariably women) Implementation Active participation in procurement , construction management, accounting and Quality Assurance Post Implementation Operation, repairs and maintenance , revenue collection Apart from above total involvement in Women Development Initiative as project component

34. Thrift & Credit Activities Making O & M payments easier through regular savings Jalanidhi’s main objective in this activity was to help women access funds for either capital cost payment or monthly O & M payment WDI –IGP (income Generating programmes) Project financed micro enterprise up to 80% of capital cost in “watsan” related activities and 50% in other IGPs

35. HOW WAS THE PROJECT BENEFICIAL TO WOMEN Making adequate water available drinking sanitation and hygiene Reduction in Drudgery making water available at doorstep this pot was always on my head now it is on the ground There is peace at home now I am at peace with myself- I am not always tense about worrying where to get water from

36. Empowerment - Self Development- making them a part of the project - Building up of knowledge- base in project, mgmt, health practices - Mainstreaming them into leadership & decision making roles - Thrift & Credit - Skill Building - Entrepreneurship

37. EMPOWERMENT THROUGH REAL PARTICIPATION Equal Membership in the BG Key position in the executive committee President /Secretary and Treasurer Role in decision making (not in attendance alone) Minimum quorum such that women representation is mandatory Engage women as one of the two pump operators in every BG Women led BGs (all BC members were women) had been experimented

38. BG MEETING

39. Resource Mapping

40. ACTIVE PARTCIPATION OF WOMEN

41. OPERATOR in ACTION

42. WDI - Sowparnika-Sowbhagya Vanitha Hotel (Kozhikode)

43. WDI- Concrete Bricks(Palakkad )

44. THANK YOU