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English/Reading Summer 2012

English/Reading Summer 2012. Grammar & Usage. A Review from Last Time…. Meet the FAN BOYS …again. The English Test will never explicitly  ask you to name a grammatical error. . Subject-Verb Agreement Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Pronoun Cases

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English/Reading Summer 2012

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  1. English/Reading Summer 2012 Grammar & Usage

  2. A Review from Last Time… Meet the FAN BOYS …again.

  3. The English Test will neverexplicitly ask you to name a grammatical error.  • Subject-Verb Agreement • Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement • Pronoun Cases • Verb Tenses • Adverbs and Adjectives • Idioms • Comparative and Superlative Modifiers

  4. Subject-Verb Agreement • ACT writers will make it tricky. Often, they’ll put the subject at one end of the sentence and the verb a mile away.  • An audience of thousands of expectant people who have come from afar to listen to live music in an outdoor settingseemterrifying to a nervous performer.  • A. NO CHANGE • B. seems • C. have seemed • D. to seem • See page 26… • Question 11

  5. Subject-Verb Agreement • Collective Nouns: committee, family, group, number, and team • can be either singular or plural. • The verb depends on whether the collective noun is being treated as a single unit or as divided individuals. For example: • SINGULAR: The number of people living in Florida varies from year to year. • PLURAL: A number of people living in Florida wish they had voted for Gore. • SINGULAR: The committee decides on the annual program. • PLURAL: The committee have disagreed on the annual program. • Sometimes…. • The = singular • A = plural

  6. Subject-Verb Agreement • Singular Indefinite Pronouns: • Another • Everybody • Nobody • Anybody • Everyone • No one • Anyone • Everything • Somebody • Anything • Each • Someone • Plural or Singular • All • Any • Most • None • Some

  7. Subject-Verb Agreement • Mathematics, News, Dollars, Physics • These and other words look plural but are singular in usage: • Today’s news was full of tragic stories. • Inverted Sentences • Page 27, Question 19 • “There is” or “There are” • “Or” and “Nor” • Neither the van nor the buses were operating today. • Either the dogs or the cat is responsible for the mess. • Page 27, Question 16…do not mix the two…

  8. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement • An antecedent is a word to which a later pronoun refers back.  • Page 25, Question 4. • MUST agree in number and gender. • President Obama’s Errors - Oh, no!

  9. Pronoun Case: • Watch this clip. • Me and Jesse went to Cosmic Bowling Night at the Bowladrome.  • F. NO CHANGE G. Jesse and me • H. Jesse and I J.I and Jesse • See page 52.

  10. Group Work! • Create a sentence about your group using your assigned pronoun case. • Present!

  11. Verb Tenses • Tricky Verbs You’re Likely to See on the ACT • You LIE down for a nap. • You LAY something down on the table. • You LAY down yesterday. • You SWIM across the English Channel. • You SWAM across the Atlantic Ocean. • You HAD SWUM across the bathtub as a child. • LIE: to recline or to disguise the truth • RIGHT: We lie down on the hammocks when we want to relax. • I lie to my mother about eating the cookies. • LAY: to place • RIGHT: Just lay down that air hockey table over there. • I lay the book on the table.

  12. Verb Tenses • Tricky Verbs You’re Likely to See on the ACT • Sit v. Set

  13. Verb Tenses • Subjunctive = Contrary to Fact • If I were… • Always use plural form when using subjunctive tense. • If I were a ____________, I would

  14. Adverbs and Adjectives • The ACT writers will test you once or twice on your ability to use adjectives and adverbs correctly in sentences. • To describe a noun, you use an adjective. • To describe a verb, adjective, or adverb, you use an adverb. • Good = Adjective • Well = Adverb • WRONG: My mom made a well dinner. • RIGHT: My mom made a good dinner. • WRONG: My mom made dinner good. • RIGHT: My mom made dinner well. • See 52.

  15. Idioms • You should trust your ear when you’re being tested on idioms. • Idioms are expressions and phrasings that are peculiar to a certain language • Idiom questions on the English Test will often ask you to identify the correct prepositions used in certain expressions.  • They include odd expressions like • “through the grapevine” • “rain check” • “bring up” (meaning “raise”) • Watch this clip Using Idioms.

  16. Comparative v. Superlative • Comparative • er or more •  Simply saying “my boyfriend is hotter” may get your meaning across in a heated dispute with your friends, but in proper English you need to finish that sentence with a “than” phrase: • “my boyfriend is hotter than Jude Law” or • “my boyfriend is hotter than your dog.” • Superlative • est or most Think. Pair. Share.

  17. Yay!

  18. Work Cited “ACT Sparks Note Test Prep: Punctuation.” Spark Notes. 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/act/chapter5section1.rhtml

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