I&M of 2-3 wheelers - an overview of Asian experience

1. I&M of 2-3 wheelers- an overview of Asian experience Presentation By M.N.MURALIKRISHNA Technical Adviser TVS MOTOR COMPANY INDIA BAQ Workshop Yogyakarta 14th Dec ‘06

2. Two and three wheelers • Most common and popular means of transport in most Asian countries. • Due to inadequate public transport systems, and increased necessity for mobility, population of these vehicles on Asian city roads continue to grow at a rapid pace

3. In-use Emission Inspection • Emissions from new vehicles are controlled by stringent mass emission regulations in most Asian countries • It is a well established fact that Emissions from in-use vehicles need to be controlled by periodical inspection and maintenance for optimum performance --both in terms of tailpipe emissions and fuel efficiency • Using portable gas-analysers (CO/HC/Co2) for checking Idle emissions is a common practice in many countries • Though Idling emissions cannot be directly correlated with mass emission values, they effectively indicate similar trend of increase or decrease of Mass emissions

4. Computerized Emission test • For in-use 2&3 wheelers, Idle emission test only is practicable. • It is essential to mandate periodic Idling Emission testing and create necessary infra-structure to support such regulation • Rigorous test procedures need to be put in place and monitored • Studies in India established that significant reduction in Mass emissions of CO (20-25%) and HC (15-20%) can be achieved by minor adjustments during such checks • Fuel efficiency( km/l) can also be improved by 10-15%, thereby reducing CO2 emissions and conserving fuel • In order to improve efficiency of enforcement and better control, some Asian countries have resorted to computerizing the process of emission checking and have benefited immensely from it.

5. Schematic view of Computerized Emission test

7. Mobile Emission test centre

8. Benefits of the Computerised Emission test • Ensures physical presence of vehicles for testing (photograph of No plate, part of certificate) • Certificate is generated by means of computer and Emission readings can not be “fudged”. • Complete testing procedure can be made to function on-line, delivering enormous useful data for further improvement • Similar test centres in an area/city/district can be connected through a network and linked to a central system

9. Additional Benefits • Possibility of networking • Data available at a central place • Effective follow up and monitoring of vehicles • Improving percentage of conformance and effectiveness of the system.

10. 2 speed idle test • In order to meet stringent mass emission regulations, modern two and three wheelers are fitted with after treatment devices like catalytic converters. • Durability of these devices could range between 15000km-30,000km. • It is essential to ensure that these special devices are monitored periodically for satisfactory functioning and replaced at the end of their life. • It may be necessary to introduce a 2 speed idle test (1200-1400 rpm low speed & 2500 rpm high speed ) test procedure, similar to the one adopted in some countries for automobiles.

11. Loaded-test for 2 wheelers • There has been an attempt in India to develop a loaded-test procedure for motorcycles, using simple roller test bench and portable Emission test equipment • Equipment required ….. - Roller dynamometer with fixed inertia • Portable 4-gas analyser (CO, CO2, HC, NOx) • Computer with two monitors - Accessories like cooling fan, exhaust blower etc.

12. Driving cycle display PC and software to estimate mass emissions Dynamometer (simple rollers with flywheels) ARAI Developed loaded test - 2 Wheelers 4 gas analyser for raw exhaust

13. Loaded mode transient test - Two wheelers • Emissions are measured while vehicle is run on simple dyno for two test cycles • A speed based signature is developed to estimate mass emissions from continuous data of raw emissions • Software calculates the mass emissions (gm/km) based on the in-built algorithm. • Good concept - needs further development • Can be introduced in a centralized system of enforcement

14. Safety related I&M for 2&3wheelers • Apart from Emissions, high level of accidents involving motorcyclists is a major source of worry. It is necessary to develop simple, easy to operate Inspection & maintenance lines for motorcycles and three wheelers covering critical safety-related parameters like : • Brake efficiency • Wheel alignment • Head light test • Stationary noise level, etc

15. Typical Inspection lane for two wheelers General Inspection (Visual) Exhaust Emission test Idling emission (2 speed test or loaded test) Wheel alignment testing Stationary Noise level Measurement Head light test Brake efficiency testing

16. Summary • While many Asian countries have introduced Idling Emission test in their regulations, enforcement is poor. • For in-use 2&3 wheelers, Idle emission test only is practicable • It is essential to mandate such regulation and create necessary infra-structure to support • Strong centralised system of enforcement and monitoring is highly recommended • Most importantly, for effective implementation of any Inspection and maintenance programme , strong support and commitment of Govt. agencies concerned is vital..

17. Thank you