What Cyber- Phisical System is?

What Cyber-Phisical System is? Rock Hyun Choi MOEM Lab in Daegu University

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • What is CPS? The integration of physical system and processes with networked computing has led to the emergence of a new generation of engineered system

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Range • Miniscule(pace makers) ~ large scale(Aircraft) • Good Ex: • Automobiles: the depth of this change is well-reflected • Why important? • 다른 방법으로 실현 할 수 없었던 것을 임베디드 시스템을 이용하면 physical system에 어떤 능력을 부여해 줄 수 있다. • Ex) fuel efficiency, pollution mandates

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • How to make it better? • Merging computing and networking with physical system • So, it creates new capabilities and improve/maintain product quality. • Methodology • U.S. – NSF • European Union – ARTEMIS & EPoSS • JAPAN – Embedded technology conference • South Korea - KIPA

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Opportunities Created by CPS

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Shortcomings • Current industrial experience → inefficient, unsafe, and unpredictable • Composition • Compositionality: 시스템 레벨 영역들을 로컬영역 구성요소들에 의해서 계산(조작) 될 수 있다. • Composability: 컴포넌트(부품, 성분, 구성요소) 영역은 다른 컴포넌트에 상호작용의 결과로 변화되지 않는다.

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Composition • CPSs are inherently heterogeneous • Why? Their components and essential design requirements. • Multi-objective design problems: • Separation of concerns( = design viewpoints) Engine engineer Network engineer orthogonal

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Design automation • Heterogeneity → increase design complexity • → bad for design automation, serious problem • Today standard is to use different processes and tools • 중복된 노력으로 시간과 자원 낭비가 심함

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • System integration • Cannot reliable, predictable • Large scale system development에 일반적 문제 • Why? Science 와 engineering의 분리로 발생한 관리문제 into Complex System integrate complex components

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Certification • 현재 complex system(ex. 비행기, 의료장비) 인증비용이 너무 높고, 이전 디자인 양상으로는 모두 역어서 테스트 하기가 너무나 힘듬 First building And then check 검사기

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group • Security and privacy • It’s new threats! • Can cause huge accidents → can’t easily recover • Why? Physical system can now be attacked through cyberspace, and vice versa. • Education • Stovepiping of engineering versus computer science • Fail to train CPS workers

CPS: A new Frontier by Luisha • The challenges of CPS research • 2.1 Real-time system abstractions • Current: the principal task of a computer is data transformation • CPS: CPSs are real-time system. This requires reexamination of existing hardware and software architecture. • Real-time event triggers • Consistent views of distributes states in real-time within the sphere of influence. Great in mobile devices • Topology control and dynamic real-time groups in the form of packaged service classes of bounded delay, jitter and loss under precisely specified condition. • Interface to access to the same type of controls regardless of the underlying network technology

CPS: Design Challenges by Edward Lee • 임베디드 시스템은 다른 일반 목적 컴퓨팅 시스템 보다 높은 안정성을 추구한다 • Not entirely predictable • Why? It misses timing deadline • Worst Case Execution Time(WCET) • 간단한 문제해결을 위해서도 많은 노력이 필요 • RTOS • Timing behavior → coarse and complexity → more uncontrollable • Bench testing 필요: 그러나 포작하기 어려운 미묘한 timing bugs가 큰 문제를 일으킬 수 있음

CPS: Design Challenges by Edward Lee • Solution • Timing이 고려된 언어들 • Ex)spilit-C, Cik, SHIM • Guava language – 멀티플 쓰레드에서 비동기화된 객체를 자바 오브젝트에서 제한시킴 • Giotto • 그 밖에 다양한 연구들이 실시간 시스템을 위해 연구된 논문이 나와있음

What Cyber- Phisical System is?