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Do Now

Learn why the Catholic Church initiated the Counter-Reformation to halt the advancement of Protestantism. Discover the Council of Trent's reforms, doctrinal changes, and the success of the Jesuit religious order.

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Do Now

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  1. Do Now Why would the Catholic Church want to start a Counter-Reformation?

  2. The Counter-Reformation Mullin

  3. The Catholic Counter-Reformation The Catholic Church wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism It was losing followers which meant it was losing money They refocused on strictly following the commands and rules of the Church

  4. Three Areas of Reform • Doctrine – a set of accepted beliefs of the Catholic faith • Reforms of the Popes • New religious order established

  5. The Council of Trent The Council of Trent met between 1545 and 1563 to make reforms The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices: Salvation comes through faith AND good works The Bible is not the only source of truth Council took steps to end Church abuses

  6. Doctrinal Changes • Council of Trent (1545) • Bishops, cardinals reviewed Catholic doctrine • Rejected any compromise with Protestant reformers • Decisions of Council of Trent • Church interpretation of Bible is final • Need faith AND good works for salvation (traditional interp.) • Indulgences are ok BUT selling false ones are banned • Seminaries were established, to educate and train new priests

  7. Reform Minded Popes • Paul III (r. 1534-1549) • Limited indulgences • Approved Jesuit order • Paul IV (r. 1555-1559) • “Index of Forbidden Books” – burned books that were considered “dangerous” to Catholics • Mostly made up of protestant texts • Re-constituted Inquisition as anti-Protestant tool

  8. Religious Order: Jesuits • “Society of Jesus” • Founder = Ignatius of Loyola (Spanish – 1491-1556) • Founded Society in 1522 • Wrote Spiritual Exercise: day by day plan of meditation, prayer, study • Very popular amongst regular Catholics • 1540 – Pope made Jesuits an official religious order

  9. Jesuit Order • Three primary activities • Founded schools in Europe to educate Catholics • Jesuit-educated children of rulers = loyal Catholic future ruler • Schools taught commoners, too • Missionary work around world, converting non-Catholics • Stopping the spread of Protestantism in Europe (“Soldiers of Christ”)

  10. Successes of Jesuits • Rigorously trained and educated members became confessors, teachers to monarchs and princes • Were examples to the rest of the Catholic world as the best of the Catholic Church • Helped stop the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Poland, Hungary , France • Missionary work in New World, Asia converted millions (today, very Catholic areas)

  11. Conclusion The Protestant Reformation began as a theological dispute between Martin Luther and the Catholic Church Theological dispute becomes religious conflict, as Catholics and Protestant are persecuted for their beliefs Religious conflict becomes a political conflict between states seeking to advance their positions

  12. Spread of Christianity Protestant Catholic Protestant England settled in what is now the United States Catholic Spain and France settled in what is now Mexico and South America

  13. Activity • Research and answer the handout questions. • Construct either a political cartoon or comic strip about the Counter Reformation. • Due at the end of class.

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