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Patient Vital Signs DRAFT

Patient Vital Signs DRAFT. Rad Tech A – Week 13. Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical History. Vital Signs Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Devices Chest Tubes and Lines. Patient Assessment &Vital Signs. Vital Signs. Body Temperature Respiratory Rate

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Patient Vital Signs DRAFT

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  1. Patient Vital SignsDRAFT Rad Tech A – Week 13

  2. Patient Interview Role of Radiologic Technologist Elements of the Clinical History Vital Signs Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Devices Chest Tubes and Lines Patient Assessment &Vital Signs

  3. Vital Signs • Body Temperature • Respiratory Rate • Pulse / Heart Rate • Blood Pressure

  4. Indication of Homeostasis Primary Mechanisms Heart beat Blood pressure Body temperature Respiratory rate Electrolyte balance Physical assessment include measurement of vital signs Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Mental Status Vital Signs

  5. Homeostasis • Our bodies are always trying to maintain HOMEOSTASIS – a constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival. • Ex: sweating to cool body temperature

  6. Body Temperature • The human body has an ideal temperature, and it works to maintain it, this is called: THERMOREGULATION • Ideal temperature: 98.6 degrees F (oral) • Acceptable range: 97.7 to 99.5 degrees F • Measurement: oral, axillary, tympanic, rectal

  7. Body Temperature • Normal average body temperature: 98.6 F Humans can survive between 106 F and 93.2 F. • Hyperthermia Fever, febrile • Hypothermia below normal range

  8. Measuring Body Temperature • Oral • Rectal • Axillary • Tympanic

  9. Pulse • Pulse rate: Adult = 60 to 100 beats per minute • Children under 10 = 70 to 120 beats per minute • Tachycardia • Bradycardia

  10. Blood Pressure • Measure of the force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction & relaxation. • Measured pressure when the heart is relaxed: Diastolic • Measured pressure when the heart is contracted: Systolic • Measured with a Sphygmomanometer

  11. Blood Pressure • Systolic pressure = 95-140 mmHg • Diastolic pressure = 60-90 mmHg • 120/ 80 Normal

  12. Blood Pressure cont’d • Recorded in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) with systolic over diastolic • Normal adult systolic: 95-140 mm Hg • Normal adult diastolic: 60-90 mm Hg • Persistent elevation of BP: Hypertension • Persistent low BP: Hypotension

  13. Respiratory Rate • Respiratory System delivers oxygen to the body’s tissues & eliminates carbon dioxide. • Major muscle of ventilation: diaphragm • Measured in “breaths per minute” • Adults: 12 – 20 bpm • Children: 20 – 30 bpm • Newborns: 30 – 60 bpm

  14. Respiratory Rate • Breaths per minute: Adult = 12 to 20 • Children under 10 = 20 to 30 per min • Dyspnea- difficulty breathing • Apnea- no breathing • Bradypnea – decrease is breathing

  15. Pulse Oximeter • Normal Pulse Oximeter = 95% to 100%

  16. Methods of Delivering Oxygen Nasal Cannula Masks Oxyhood Ventilators

  17. Oxygen • Oxygen constitutes 21% of atmospheric gases • If O2 levels in the body drop below 21% homeostasis is altered. • Hypoxia: Inadequate amount of oxygen at the cellular level.

  18. Chest Tubes & LinesThe Rad Tech’s Role • Early detection of problems associated with malpositioned lines. • X-rays assist physicians in determining if tubes and lines are placed correctly • Correct positioning and technical exposure are crucial

  19. Chest Tubes and Lines ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES CHEST TUBES NASOGASTRIC TUBES CENTRAL LINES

  20. Tubes & Lines cont’d • Endotracheal Tubes (ET tubes) – Known as “intubation” -translaryngeal -tracheostomy -nasotracheal • Must be precise in placement: 1-2 inches superior to the tracheal bifurcation (carina)

  21. Intubation of the rt main-stem bronchus with complete occlusion of the lt bronchus causing lt lung atelectasis.

  22. (A) Distal tip of endotracheal tube in rt main bronchus; (B) Central venous catheter in the lt subclavian vein.

  23. CHEST TUBES

  24. Tubes & Lines (last one) • Common insertion sites for CV lines: -subclavian vein -internal jugular vein -femoral vein • Most evaluated by a chest x-ray • Extreme caution must be used when positioning for images!

  25. NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBE

  26. CENTRAL LINES

  27. Rt hydrothorax caused by displacement of a central venous line during dressing change; 1300 ml of intravenous fluids were evacuated via thoracentesis.

  28. Vital Signs Homeostasis Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Mental Status Electrolyte balance Pulse Oximeter Oxygen Oxygen Devices Chest Tubes Chest Lines Review

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