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What is Iliotibial Band Syndrome?

Iliotibial band syndrome typically causes pain (and sometimes stiffness) at the outer side of the knee. Symptoms often begin as a dull ache but can intensify to a more prominent, even sharper pain with ongoing irritation.

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What is Iliotibial Band Syndrome?

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  1. The iliotibial band (ITB) is a length of connective tissue that runs along the outer thigh. Originating from two muscles in the hip (the tensor fascia latae and gluteus maximus), the ITB runs down below the knee and attaches to the outer lower leg (the tibia bone). During bending and straightening of the knee, the iliotibial band may flick over a bony projection known as the femoral epicondyle. The friction or rubbing associated with this movement may cause the iliotibial band or other adjacent tissue to become inflamed or damaged at the outer aspect of the knee. This condition that most commonly affects runners is known as ITB syndrome. Signs and Symptoms Iliotibial band syndrome typically causes pain (and sometimes stiffness) at the outer side of the knee. Symptoms often begin as a dull ache but can intensify to a more prominent, even sharper pain with ongoing irritation. Pain is often felt during activities that involve bending or straightening of the knee (especially in combination with weight bearing activity such as running). In some cases, symptoms may increase with rest after rigorous activity (e.g. upon waking first thing in the morning or at night).

  2. Patients may find that activities such as running, walking, squatting or jumping can provoke or exacerbate symptoms. Pain on firmly touching the femoral epicondyle (outer knee region) is also typically experienced. In more severe cases, swelling, a grinding sensation, a prominent limp or giving way of the knee (due to pain) may occur. Causes Iliotibial band syndrome is, in essence, an overuse injury, typically caused by excessive running or activity. The condition is more likely to occur in association with excessive training volumes, durations or intensities, or a sudden increase in activity or training loads. Changes to training surfaces, footwear or running technique may also increase the likelihood of the condition occurring. Any repetitive activity that requires ongoing bending and straightening of the knee can contribute to the development of ITB syndrome. This may include running, walking, rowing and cycling. ITB syndrome is often seen in athletes, footballers or other running sports. Diagnosis and Prognosis A physiotherapist examination is typically sufficient to diagnose this condition. However, ultrasound investigation or MRI scan can be used to confirm the diagnosis, and exclude the presence of other conditions. Most patients suffering from iliotibial band syndrome can expect an excellent outcome with appropriate physiotherapy treatment. Symptom resolution can typically be achieved assuming the contributing factors are adequately addressed. In some cases, recovery can be lengthy (taking a number of months). However, minor cases that are identified early and receive appropriate treatment can often resolve in a few weeks. Early intervention is vital to ensure a speedy resolution. Other Intervention In a small percentage of patients, symptoms associated with iliotibial band syndrome may fail to improve adequately with treatment. In these instances, a physiotherapist or doctor can suggest an appropriate course of action. This may entail ultrasound or MRI investigation, prescription of medication, cortisone injection or a specialist opinion. In very severe and rare cases, surgery may be indicated. Let PhysioAdvisor Help PhysioAdvisor has been created by a team of experienced physiotherapists with the goal of empowering patients to take control of injuries, such as iliotibial band syndrome. Their dedicated and experienced physiotherapists have created comprehensive injury articles

  3. for the most common conditions seen in private practise. These evidence based injury articles contain the most important clinical information to help you accelerate your journey to wellness including: Detailed treatment advice for each injury Step by step injury rehabilitation protocols Initial, intermediate and advanced rehabilitation exercises PhysioAdvisor has more than 117 comprehensive injury articles which according to their members save them an average of 4.8 health professional consultations per year. Take control of your injury and gain access to trusted advice from qualified professionals! Visit us today.

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