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La romanización

La romanización. Influencia del latín en la lengua inglesa. Préstamos y calcos. Outer history. English (historical divisions). Foreign influences. Teutonic language Germanic branch of IE. Later additions (borrowings). Celtic Latin Scandinavian French Greek etc. OE eahta. fish.

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La romanización

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  1. La romanización Influencia del latín en la lengua inglesa. Préstamos y calcos

  2. Outer history English (historical divisions)

  3. Foreign influences

  4. Teutonic language Germanic branch of IE Later additions (borrowings) Celtic Latin Scandinavian French Greek etc.

  5. OEeahta fish water OEfisc eight bread flesh father OEfader can milk brother OEbroder • cognates: all of them • Grimm’s Law: new set of voiceless fricatives • PATER – FRATER – OCTO – PISCIS • Verner’s Law

  6. Variation & change Potential Implementation Diffusion

  7. Systemic development Variation & change(example) ON tacan OE niman potential Co-existence Died out change implementation

  8. The Roman Conquest • 55 BC Julius Caesar  invasion of Britain • Use of Latin: not so widespread  restricted to upper classes • Evidence: Chester, Manchester, Chichester, London (Londinium)

  9. The Germanic Conquest • 449: Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Frisians (Denmark, Low Countries) • Four kingdoms  dialectal areas • Northumbria • Mercian • West Saxon: King Alfred • Kentish • All varieties involved in the making of English as we know IT today No standard language

  10. The periods of English • Old English (450-1150) or (≈450-1066) • Middle English (1150-1500) or (1066-1476) • Modern English (1500-C19TH) Shakespeare wrote in Early Modern English • Present Day English OE/King Alfred  se nama ME/Chaucer  e naam (variants  i nam, i naim, e name ModE/Shakespeare  thename (yet pronunciation has not changed entirely as we know it today.

  11. Latin influences • Stage 0 : The Romans & the Celts • Stage 1: Christianisation • Stage 2: The Germanic • Stage 3: The French & the Church

  12. Chronology • Palatalisation • castra  Chester • i-umlaut • cuquina  kitchen • Diphthongisation (Front) • caesus > caesi > ceasi > ciese [kUkIna]> [kykIna]> [kytSIna]> [kytSn]> [ketSn] kechen [kytSn] kuchen [kitSn] kichen/kychen [kytSn]>

  13. The Celts (Latin) Place names  castra

  14. Christianisation (Latin) Apostle nun cabbage Pope offer lentil Archbishop organ pear Bishop synod raddish Priest relic lobster Abbot temple mussel Shrine tunic myrrh Mass apostle pine Alms pope savory Altar spend school Angel exchange grammar Candle dictate title Canon turn laurel Cleric verse cucumber Deacon meter plaster Disciple accent medicine Hymn history scorpion Litany paper paralysis Martyr term coriander

  15. Germanic tribes (Latin) • Battle: camp, weall, mil, straet • Trade: pund, mynet (coin), ceap (cheap) • Domestic: mese, cuppe, disc • Food: cisten (chestnut), pise (pea) • Arts: cealc (chalk), tigele (tile) • Miscellaneous: cirice, biscop, casere

  16. The Norman ConquestFrench influence

  17. Latin influence in the Middle and beyond • Through French • Through Literature & Church Terms related to medicine, fashion, meals, theology, literature, learning, etc Synonyms at three levels Other Romance languages

  18. La conquista normanda Influencia del francés en la lengua inglesa. Préstamos y calcos

  19. Influence on ME syntax • A thynge inmortal, poem unlimited (Hamlet) • The which (el cual) • come singing (inf. + gerund) • Massive use of prepositions • Prepositional phrases: by cause, in fact • Do: How does my lord? • Do as causative • Take + lexical item: take advantage, take leave • Mes corps  me, you, etc. Later, somebody, anybody, etc.

  20. Stages of French influence • First stage: before & during C13TH • Decay of the English Language • Second stage: after & during C13TH • Rise & Triumph of the English Language

  21. Vocabulary • Couplets • Synonyms at three levels • Knowledge of classical languages • Ink-horn terms controversy

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