1 / 14

Chapter 62

Chapter 62. Birth Control. Birth Control. Interfering with the reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to nidation (implantation of a fertilized ovum). Safety. Difficult to assess

pierce
Download Presentation

Chapter 62

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 62 Birth Control

  2. Birth Control • Interfering with the reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to nidation (implantation of a fertilized ovum)

  3. Safety • Difficult to assess • A large quantity of our data was gathered when birth control was used in higher doses than are used today • Effectiveness vs. safety

  4. Selecting a Birth Control Method • Consider: • Effectiveness • Safety • Personal preference

  5. Oral Contraceptives • Mechanism: inhibit ovulation • Classification (two main categories) • Combination oral contraceptives (OCs) • Estrogen and progestin • Progestin-only OCs • Three major subgroups of combination OCs • Monophasic • Biphasic • Triphasic

  6. Combination Oral Contraceptives (OCs): Adverse Effects • Thromboembolic disorders • Hypertension • Cancer • Teratogenic effects • Abnormal uterine bleeding • Use in pregnancy and lactation • Benign hepatic adenoma • Glucose intolerance • Other adverse effects

  7. Noncontraceptive Benefits of OCs • Decrease risks of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, benign breast disease, iron deficiency, anemia, and acne • Favorable effect on menstrual cycles • Reduced cramps; lighter, shorter, more predictable flow

  8. Combination Oral Contraceptives—Drug Interactions • Drugs and herbs that reduce the effects of OCs • Rifampin • Ritonavir • Antiepileptic drugs • St. John’s wort

  9. Combination Oral Contraceptives: Drug Interactions • Drugs whose effects are reduced by OCs • Warfarin • Insulin • Oral hypoglycemics • Drugs whose effects are increased by OCs • Several agents, including theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, diazepam, and chlordiazepoxide • Drugs that elevate potassium should be avoided by patients on yasmin (Yaz)

  10. Combination Contraceptives with Novel Delivery Systems • Transdermal contraceptive patch • Vaginal contraceptive ring

  11. Long-Acting Contraceptives • Subdermal etonorgestrel implants • Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) • Intrauterine devices • Spermicides • Barrier devices • Condoms: male and female • Diaphragm • Cervical cap

  12. Drugs for Medical Abortion • Mifepristone (RU 486) with misoprostol • Blocks uterine progesterone receptors • Adverse effects • Bleeding • Cramping • Nausea • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Headache

  13. Drugs for Medical Abortion • Methotrexate with misoprostol • Prostaglandins: misoprostol, carboprost, dinoprostone

  14. Emergency Contraception • Contraception implemented after intercourse • Following rape, failed contraception, or failure to use contraception • Plan B • 2 high-dose tablets of levonorgestrel (progestin) • 1 tablet within 72 hours and another 12 hours later • Alternatives to Plan B

More Related