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Essential Question: What is the composition of rocks and how are they formed?

Explore the composition and formation of rocks, including the contribution of minerals and the processes that change rocks and the surface of the Earth. Learn about the differences between rocks through a graphic organizer and identify minerals through physical properties.

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Essential Question: What is the composition of rocks and how are they formed?

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  1. Standards: S6E5b. Investigate the contribution of minerals to rock composition. S6E5c. Classify rocks by their process of formation. S6E5d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth. Essential Question:What is the composition of rocks and how are they formed?

  2. Describe the differences in the three rocks below.

  3. As you noticed with the three images, rocks can look very different from each other. Over the next few days, we will examine rocks and how they are formed.

  4. Use the Graphic Organizer to take Notes

  5. Rocks are mixtures of minerals, rock fragments, organic matter, or other natural materials.

  6. A Brief Introduction to Minerals [10:21] Minerals Song

  7. How many different substances can you find in the rock below?

  8. Let’s examine the composition of rocks in more detail.

  9. Composition of Rocks • Rocks are made up of minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms.

  10. Minerals can be identified by physical properties: • Color and Appearance • Hardness • The way it reflects light (Luster) • The color of a mineral in powdered form (Streak) • The way a mineral breaks (Cleavage and Fracture) • Other Properties

  11. Common Objects Made of Minerals Minerals in your House How we use minerals

  12. Sample Testing for Mineral Identification

  13. Mineral: Naturally Occurring Formed by natural processes that occur on or inside the Earth without input from humans

  14. What would be some of the natural processes on or inside the Earth that you have already learned about? Heat and Pressure are two processes you have learned, but there are many others we will examine as well.

  15. Mineral: Inorganic Does not consist of living matter

  16. Mineral: Solid with definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms

  17. Designing Minerals with Legos Demonstration

  18. Mineral or Not? Activity With a partner, look at the images on the next few slides. Determine which are minerals and which are not minerals. Be able to justify your answer.

  19. Questions to ask yourself when determining if an item is a mineral or not: • Is it non-living material? • Is it a solid? • Is it formed in nature? • Are its atoms arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over?

  20. Wood

  21. Gold

  22. Fossil

  23. Topaz

  24. Bones

  25. Granite

  26. Quartz

  27. Pearls

  28. Talc

  29. Iceberg

  30. Diamond

  31. Coal

  32. Rock Salt

  33. And the answers are… Minerals • Gold • Topaz • Quartz • Talc • Iceberg* • Diamonds Non-Minerals • Wood - once living • Fossils – once living • Bone - living material • Granite - rock • Pearls – made by oysters • Coal - rock • Rock Salt – rock *According to IMA – ice is listed as a mineral

  34. How is a mineral similar to and different from a cake? http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/minerals/define/cake.htm

  35. Mineral Web Search Activity

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