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MODEL FOR A MODERN MAJOR GENERAL: KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR LOIs AND OPTION AGREEMENTS IN EXPLORATION DEALS. Preliminary Considerations. basic business terms preliminary information. Strategic Considerations. rational timelines negotiate now vs negotiate later disclosure.
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MODEL FOR A MODERN MAJOR GENERAL:KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR LOIs AND OPTION AGREEMENTS IN EXPLORATION DEALS
Preliminary Considerations • basic business terms • preliminary information
Strategic Considerations • rational • timelines • negotiate now vs negotiate later • disclosure
LOIs – Binding vs. Non-Binding • binding preferable where: • commitment • certainty • disclosure • non-binding preferable where: • flexibility • speed
Binding LOIs – Legal Risks • uncertainty • contract terms not fully addressed • reliance on common law • can prejudice • bargaining position • legal position/relationship
Non-Binding LOIs – Legal Risks • can be abandoned • some terms should be binding • casual, no legal review • court may find binding • “morally” binding
LOIs – Binding vs Non-Binding – How to Tell? • “test” • basic contract principles satisfied – did the parties agree? • are the “essential” terms agreed? • did the parties intend to be bound? • each case is fact specific • wording of LOI • actions of parties
Non-Binding LOIs – Tips use conditional language don’t use imperative language leave key terms for later agreement include conditions state “non-binding” conduct of parties
LOIs – Drafting Considerations speed vs. certainty extent of representation approvals – corporate & regulatory termination notice mechanics effective date and impact on timelines
LOI – Best Practices is priority timing or detail? be wary of obligation to negotiate in “good faith” standalone – exclusivity and confidentiality diarize dates check AOI for overlaps note issues that were problematic assess relationship/troubleshoot potential challenges no work on property (sorry!)
Moving from LOI to Option • remaining/outstanding due diligence issues • refer back to LOI best practices • consider representations and warranties • What needs to be customized • What needs to be covered • Old standards: singing the same old song
Exercise of Option/Form of JV • exercising the option • Formal approach • Automatic approach • form of JV • All information: vegetable, animal and mineral • Substantially in the form attached • KoKo’s list • Worry about it later
Practical Issues • treatment of shortfalls • currency risk • transition matters • into JV • on terminating option • partial surrenders and additions • accelerations
Best Practices decision tree as much ADR as you need, not as much as you can stand transaction summary databases debrief and capture process
Conclusion • business/strategic analysis drives document • living documents • need to be flexible • certain • allow relationship to evolve
Caroline ThomasChief Counsel, Exploration, Property & Aboriginal Affairs Vale, Base Metals 416-361-7919 (w) caroline.thomas@vale.com www.vale.com Carmen L. Diges, LL.M, CFAChair National Mining Group Miller Thomson LLP 416-596-2117 (w) cdiges@millerthomson.com www.millerthomson.com