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Prepared By- Guided By-

Levelling (2 nd Rank). Prepared By- Guided By- chodavadiya Kuldip (131090119015) Mr. Shirish G Bhalodia chodavadiya Bhautik (131090119016) Vekariya Bharat (131090119085) Mehta Khushal(131090119046)

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Prepared By- Guided By-

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  1. Levelling (2nd Rank) Prepared By- Guided By- chodavadiya Kuldip (131090119015) Mr. Shirish G Bhalodia chodavadiya Bhautik (131090119016) Vekariya Bharat (131090119085) Mehta Khushal(131090119046) Dudhat Chintan (131090119025)

  2. LEVELLING • The art of determining the relative heights of different points on or below the surface of earth is known as leveling

  3. Uses of leveling • To prepare a contour map • To determine the altitudes of different important points • To prepare a longitudinal section • To prepare a cross sections • To prepare a layout map

  4. Instruments for leveling • A level • A leveling staff • Tripod stand

  5. Types of levels • Dumpy level • Tilting level • Automatic level • Wye ( Y ) level • Cooke’s level • Crushing level

  6. Methods of leveling • Direct leveling • Trigonometric leveling • Barometric leveling • Hypsometric leveling

  7. Classification of Direct leveling • Simple leveling • Differential leveling • Fly leveling • Profile leveling • Cross section leveling • Check leveling • Reciprocal leveling

  8. Terms used in leveling • Station • Back sight ( BS) • Fore sight ( FS ) • Intermediate sight ( IS ) • Change point ( CP ) • Height of • Instrument ( HI ) • Bench marks • Reduced levels ( RL )

  9. Types of Bench marks • Great Triangulation Survey ( GTS ) • Permanent Bench marks • Arbitrary Bench marks • Temporary Bench marks

  10. Computing Reduced Levels • The collimation method or Height of Instrument • The rise and fall method

  11. Balaji Engineering CollageJUNAGADH THANK YOU

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