Remote Sensing for Ocean -related Climate Modeling Studies

1. Using Satellite Data for ClimateModeling Studies: Representing Ocean Biology-induced Feedback Effect in the Tropical PacificRong-Hua ZhangCICS-ESSIC, University of Maryland, USA

2. Remote Sensing for Ocean-related Climate Modeling Studies Topex/P/J sea level - Sep 1997 SST July 27-Aug. 3 1998 • Ocean Chl from ocean color • Ocean Vector Winds Precipitation • Sea surface salinity (SSS)

3. Satellite data => Climate Modeling Processes MJO Forcing Tropical instability waves (TIWs) Freshwater flux (FWF) Forcing Air-sea coupling Interannual variability Climate Models ENSO modulation ENSO prediction Model imprvovement & Bias reduction …. Ocean biology- climate feedback Entrainment temperature (Te)

4. mixed layer Thermocline Processes involved in ENSO: Forcings & feedbacks SST wind Thermocline

5. mixed layer Thermocline Ocean Biology Pre Freshwater Flux • Tropical instability waves

6. Application of Satellite Data to Climate Modeling • Tropical instability waves (TIWs)-induced surface wind forcing & feedback • Freshwater flux forcing & feedback • Ocean biology-induced climate feedback ….

7. SST Methodologies • Ocean Vector Winds => TIWs Chl from ocean color

8. SST Methodologies Empirical relationships from historical data • Ocean Vector Winds => TIWs Chl from ocean color

9. SST Methodologies Empirical relationships from historical data • Models • Ocean Vector Winds => TIWs Chl from ocean color

10. Using Satellite Data for ClimateModeling Studies: Representing Ocean Biology-induced Feedback Effect in the Tropical PacificRong-Hua ZhangCICS-ESSIC, University of Maryland, USA

11. Proposed Mechanisms for ENSO Variability Stochastic forcing in the atmosphere; The influences of extra-tropical processes; The changes in mean state of the tropical climate system; The nonlinearity and associated parameter changes; The residual effects of interannual variability; Decadal variations in the structure of wind; Decadal variations in the structure of Te . Freshwater flux forcing Physical !!!

12. Atmosphere Ocean Biology Ocean Physical system Marine ecosystem A ENSO ? If ? What ? How ? Why care about ?

13. Ocean Chlorophyll: NASA’s SeaWiFS Satellite

14. Ocean color data (SeaWiFS)

15. Effects of marine biology on ENSO Penetration of solar irradiance in upper ocean Redistribution of heating in the vertical; Modification of stratification/stability Mixing, mixed layer depth, upwelling,currents SST

16. The penetration of solar irradiance follows an exponential decline with depth: The penetrative bands on the visible part of the radiation (Morel, 1988): • Penetration • Depth Ocean color data (SeaWiFS)

17. Penetration • Depth The biological heating Rate in the mixed layer absorbed solar radiation in the mixed layer Mixed layer Subsurface layers pentrative solar radiation at the base the mixed layer

19. SST

20. SST

21. This work Taking into account ocean biological feedback (OBF) • Using satellite data to explore links between the climate system & marine ecosystem; • A simple parameterization for OBF; • Effects on ocean biology on ENSO; • Understanding basic processes involved; • Role as bias sources for SST simulation; • Improving ENSO simulations & prediction;

22. SST SL from G. Mitchum

23. A SVD-based Empirical Model for H'p Hp = + aHp Svd ( SSTinter )

24. Svd ( SSTinter ) = H 'p

25. Interannual Hp experiments => -1.0 aHp= => 3.0

27. Processes involved SST Bio-response Hp Density/stability/ Mixing /Entrainment mixed layer Qpen Depth thermocline

28. Concluding remarks • An empirical model for H'p ; • Large effects of H'p in a climate model : Modulation of ENSO by marine biology (amplitude, periods, phase locking …) ; Interactions: physics marine biology ; • Anegativefeedbackinduced by marine biology: Processes & structure of the effects identified…. • Importance of H'p but significant uncertainties exist: Estimate of Hp; modeling ocean ecosystem; physics-biogeochemistry coupling ; … • A clear source for biases; thisbio-forcing component be taken into account for better ENSO simulation & prediction

29. Obserevations • TIWs • processes • Model • processes

30. Applications of Satellite Data to Climate Modeling • Tropical instability waves (TIWs)-induced surface wind forcing & feedback Zhang, R.-H. et al., 2009: Cooling effects of tropical instability wave (TIW)-induced surface wind forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Climate, submitted. Zhang, R.-H., and A. J. Busalacchi, 2009: An empirical model for surface wind stress response to SST forcing induced by tropical Instability waves (TIWs) in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev.,137, 2021–2046. Zhang, R.-H., and A. J. Busalacchi, 2008: Rectified effects of tropical instability wave (TIW)-induced atmospheric feedback in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett.,35, L05608, doi:10.1029/2007GL033028. • Freshwater flux-induced climate feedback Zhang, R.-H. et al., 2009: Interannual biases induced by freshwater flux and coupled feedback in the tropical Pacific, Mon. Wea. Rev., in press. Zhang, R.-H., and A. J. Busalacchi, 2009: Freshwater flux (FWF)-induced oceanic feedback in a hybrid coupled model of the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 22, No. 4, 853–879. • Ocean biology-induced climate feedback …. Zhang, R.-H. et al., 2009: Role of ocean biology-induced climate feedback in the modulation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03608, doi:10.1029/2008GL036568. Zhang, R.-H., et al., 2009: Using satellite ocean color data to derive an empirical model for the penetration depth of solar radiation (Hp) in the tropical Pacific ocean, J. Geophys. Res., submitted • ….

31. Thank you !!!