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Federalism: Part 2

Federalism: Part 2. Principles of GPA. Careers in Federal Government. President Minimum 35 years old Natural-born citizen of the U.S. U.S. citizen for at least 14 years Elected to a 4-year term with eligibility for reelection

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Federalism: Part 2

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  1. Federalism: Part 2 Principles of GPA

  2. Careers in Federal Government • President • Minimum 35 years old • Natural-born citizen of the U.S. • U.S. citizen for at least 14 years • Elected to a 4-year term with eligibility for reelection • Power and responsibility to ensure the laws of the land are faithfully carried out

  3. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • Secretary of State • Appointed by the President • Highest ranking member of the Cabinet • Concerned with foreign affairs • Hilary Clinton is the 67th; she is the 3rd woman • Past: Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell, Henry Kissinger, John Quincy Adams, James Madison

  4. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • Secretary of Defense • Appointed by the President with Senate approval • Chief executive officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines • Leon Panetta is the 23rd Secretary of Defense • Past: Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney

  5. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • Secretary of Treasury • Appointed by the President with Senate approval • Analogous to the Minister of Finance in other countries • Chief financial officer • Creates policy to keep the country’s economy stable • Timothy Geithner is the 75th Secretary of Treasury • Past: John Connally and Alexander Hamilton

  6. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • Senator • Must be at least 30 and a U.S. citizen for at least 9 years • Elected to 6-year terms • Must be an inhabitant of the state from which they are elected • Two Senators from each state • Work with the House of Representatives to review bills and make laws

  7. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • House Representative • Must be at least 25 and a U.S. citizen for at least 7 years • Elected to 2-year terms • Must be a citizen of the state from which they are elected • The number of representatives from each state varies based on the state’s population • Work with the Senate to review bills and make laws

  8. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • Supreme Court Judge • Nominated by the President with consent of the Senate • No age, residency, or citizenship requirements • Tradition dictates an educational or professional background in the law • Appointed for life; removal through impeachment • The court of last resort

  9. Careers in Federal Government (continued) • Inferior Court Judge • Each state forms at least one judicial district; some are two or more districts • More than 650 district court judges in 94 districts • They hear more than 300,000 cases per year – 80% of the federal caseload

  10. Careers in State & Local Government • Governor • The principal executive officer for each of the 50 states • Chosen by popular vote • Elected to 4-year terms in most states, limited in most states to two terms

  11. Careers in State & Local Government (continued) • Governor (continued) • Formal qualifications vary by state • Most states • Minimum age (25 or 30) • Minimum residency in the state • Qualified voter • Informal qualifications • Most are attorneys • In their 40s or 50s • Former state legislators

  12. Careers in State & Local Government(continued) • Lieutenant governor • Found in most states • Chosen by popular vote • Successor to the governor • In many cases, this is a part-time job

  13. Careers in State & Local Government (continued) • State legislature • State Senator or House Representative • The number of members varies widely • More than 5,400 representatives and 1,900 senators in the 50 states • Elected from districts in the state, usually to 2- or 4-year terms • Lawmaking powers – enact any law that does not conflict with any provision in federal law or the state constitution

  14. Careers in State & Local Government(continued) • Comptroller of public accounts or Treasurer • Custodian of state funds • Pays salaries and bills for the state government

  15. Careers in State & Local Government(continued) • Attorney general • The state’s chief lawyer • Legal advisor to state officers and agencies

  16. Careers in State & Local Government(continued) • Judge • Multiple levels, most chosen by popular election • Justice of the peace – lowest level, usually settling disputes involving a few hundred dollars • Municipal judge – hears citywide civil cases involving several thousands of dollars, organized into divisions • Juvenile court judge – cases involving people under 18 • General trial court judge – important civil and criminal cases, divided into districts, seldom limited in the types of cases heard • State supreme court judge – highest court in the state; hears appeals from lower courts; 5 to 7 judges

  17. Careers in State & Local Government (continued) • County government – governing body, boards or commissions • City or municipal government • Usually includes an elected mayor • Recommends or vetoes city laws • Presides over council meetings • Hires and fires city employees • Sets the city budget

  18. Historical Debates in U.S. History • Federalism itself was the answer to the debate the Framers of the Constitution faced when founding the U.S. • The states wanted fair representation and feared a monarchy • The national government needed power to be a unifying force • The compromise reached was to divide powers between national and state governments

  19. Historical Debates in U.S. History (continued) • Issue of slavery • The Republican Party was formed in 1856 in opposition to slavery; Civil War was the result of this debate • The Democratic Party was split in 1860 when the North – led by Stephen Douglas – tried to waffle on the issue of slavery; the South – led by John Breckinridge – claimed the government had no right to outlaw slavery • Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, won the election, abolishing slavery; the northern Democratic Party that tried to straddle the fence in the debate dissolved

  20. Historical Debates in U.S. History (continued) • Economic crisis of 1896 • In 1896, a series of depressions during the 1880s and 1890s hit farmers in the Midwest particularly hard • The two major political parties were straddling the issues • Two new parties emerged: the Greenbacks and the Populists • William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic nomination for President, adopted a Populist platform

  21. Historical Debates in U.S. History (continued) • Economic crisis of 1896 (continued) • Anti-Bryan Democrats deserted the party to support Republican candidate William McKinley • McKinley and the Republicans, who stood for industry, business, hard money, protective tariffs and urban interests, won the election • Democrats stood for farmers, small towns, low tariffs, and rural interests • The country was split East versus West, as it had been North versus South after the 1860 election

  22. Historical Debates in U.S. History (continued) • The Nixon-Kennedy debate of 1960 was the first televised debate. The less well known candidate won: JFK • President Gerald Ford debated the lesser known Jimmy Carter in 1976 and lost • Ronald Reagan debated Carter in 1980 and won

  23. Political Party Debates and Power • Democrats were in power from 1800 – 1860 • Republicans gained power in 1860 with the election of Lincoln • Democrats regained power from 1932 – 1968 as a result of Franklin Roosevelt and his economic and social welfare programs

  24. Political Party Debates and Power (continued) • Since 1968, neither party has consistently held the presidency • Congress is controlled by the opposing party • This divided government requires compromise to accomplish anything • Division of power aligns with the Framers’ intentions for U.S. government

  25. Resources 9780133656329, Macgruder’s American Government, McClenaghan, W., Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2008. 9780205806584, Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, Edwards, G., Wattenberg, M., Lineberry, Pearson Education, Inc., 2011. 9780495898054, American Government: Institutions and Policies, 12th ed., Wilson, J., Dilulio, J., & Bose, M., Wadsword, Cengage Learning, 2011. The Maryland Farmer, Maryland Gazette, March 1788 http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf Do an Internet search for the following: President Obama Roasts Donald Trump At White House Correspondents’ Dinner Video.

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