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International migration: practices of 2000 Round and issues for 2010

ECE Work Session on Population Censuses Geneva, 23-25 November 2004. International migration: practices of 2000 Round and issues for 2010. Enrico Bisogno Social and Demographic Statistics Section UN Economic Commission for Europe - Statistical Division. Stocks

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International migration: practices of 2000 Round and issues for 2010

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  1. ECE Work Session on Population Censuses Geneva, 23-25 November 2004 International migration: practices of 2000 Round and issues for 2010 Enrico Bisogno Social and Demographic Statistics Section UN Economic Commission for Europe - Statistical Division UNECE Statistical Division

  2. Stocks Criteria to identify the stock of immigrants Treatment of special groups Flows Which question(s) best capture migrations? Reason for migration Overview UNECE Statistical Division

  3. Stock of immigrants: the definition • No clear definition of this group in the 2000 Recommendations • Focus on two related variables (core-topics) • Place/country of birth (44 countries) • Citizenship (42 countries) UNECE Statistical Division

  4. Place of birth: the definition Mother’s residence at the time of birth (2000 Recommendations) • Some complications: • 25 countries used the actual place of birth • Higher non-response rates • In Switzerland: 28% among CH born abroad UNECE Statistical Division

  5. Why data on stocks? Monitor size and composition of population with foreign origin having a long-term view on their integration UNECE Statistical Division

  6. Pros Evidence of migration Unique Does not change Cons Some ‘Nationals’ can be included 2nd generation excluded Not ‘policy’ relevant Country of birth: pros and cons UNECE Statistical Division

  7. Pros Legally relevant Objective Cons Unstable National regulations Not unique Citizenship: pros and cons UNECE Statistical Division

  8. Indications from 2000 Round 29 Countries asked other questions on birth and/or citizenship: • Multiple citizenship • Citizenship at birth/by naturalization • Country of birth of parents UNECE Statistical Division

  9. A proposal: population with foreign background UNECE Statistical Division

  10. Which questions to include? Place of births of parents or Citizenship at birth (both included in 2000 Recommendations as non-core topics) UNECE Statistical Division

  11. Some data from 2000 UNECE Statistical Division

  12. US immigrants in France (1999) UNECE Statistical Division

  13. Special population groups • Temporary foreign workers with legal status • Resident foreigners without legal status • Asylum seekers • Refugees • Temporarily absent persons UNECE Statistical Division

  14. Special groups and population counts UNECE Statistical Division

  15. Refugees • 2000 Rec: include in resident population • 28 countries considered them as residents • Definitional problems: 3 types of refugees • 1951 Geneva Convention • Humanitarian refugees • Mass displacement UNECE Statistical Division

  16. Foreigners without legal status • 2000 Recomm: no specific provision • Sensitive issue • Very diverse approaches across countries For 2010: is a common position possible? De facto or legal approach? UNECE Statistical Division

  17. Flows Two different approaches • Where were you resident x years ago? (31 countries in 2000 Round) • When did you come to live here? (29 countries in 2000 Round) UNECE Statistical Division

  18. Why census data on flows? Internal migration Information on origin and destination International migration • No monitoring purposes • Migration date  duration of residence UNECE Statistical Division

  19. Pros Simple Origin-destination details Cons No information on when the migration occurred Type A questions UNECE Statistical Division

  20. Pros Very precise on timing Cons No information on origin Type B questions UNECE Statistical Division

  21. Implications for 2010 Round • Type A better fit for internal migration • Type B better fit for international migration The two approaches can be combined: • When did you come to live in this municipality from where? • When did you come to live in this country and from where? UNECE Statistical Division

  22. Reason for migration • Not mentioned in 2000 Recommendations • 11 countries included this topic • Demand from users (labour migration) UNECE Statistical Division

  23. Issues for 2010 Recommendations General question, generic answer • More specific question: • Official reason, if any • Distinguish between causes and goals • Reason for selecting the country UNECE Statistical Division

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