Expert Waterproofing Solutions by Col. (Retd.) Harry Sidhu, Chartered Engineer

1. Water Proofing

2. Col (Retd) Harry Sidhu, FIE B.Sc Engg (Civil), M Tech (Structures) LM ICI, LM ISWE, LM ISCMS, LM ISET Chartered Engineer

3. Ex Additional Chief Engineer, Chandigarh Zone • Ex Technical Advisor to ‘MC Bauchemie (I) Pvt Ltd’ & ‘McCoy Silicones’ • Visiting Faculty to ‘National Technical Teachers Training & Research Institute’, Chandigarh for PG Students

4. Column Expert on Waterproofing: HT Estates, Hindustan Times, Delhi & Chandigarh • Ex Consultant to Chandigarh Administration on Waterproofing • Ex Consultant to CE Chandigarh Zone (MES) on Waterproofing • Ex Consultant to CE Bhatinda Zone (MES) on Waterproofing

5. External Examiner for M.Tech/ ME Students IIT Mumbai, Punjab University & TIET Patiala (Deemed to be University) • Consultant for Structural Design, Rehabilitation and Waterproofing • Consultant for Soil & Civil Material Testing

6. What is Damp Proofing? DAMP PROOFINGIS ACTUALLY THEMANAGEMENT OF WATER:THE ART OF MAKINGFLOW OF WATER EASIER, KEEPINGINSIDE WATER IN&OUTSIDE WATER OUT

7. Waterproofing/Damp proofing!! Treatment of a Surface or Structure to prevent passage of water in the: Presence of Hydrostatic Pressure - Waterproofing Absence of Hydrostatic Pressure - Damp Proofing As per ACI Committee 515

8. Sources of Leakage/Dampness • Roofs & Terraces • Parapet & Roof Junction • Crumple Joints • Sunken Floors

9. Sources of Leakage/Dampness • Defective DPC • Porous Masonry, RWP’s, Chajjas, Window Cills etc • Leaking Water meters, Service Tanks, pipes etc

10. Roofs

11. This is how are Roof Tops are Generally maintained

12. Depressed Tiles Potential Leakage Areas from Terraces Parapet Junctions RWP

13. Crumple Joints

14. DL+LL Tarfelt DL+LL Slab Thermal Stresses Seismic Forces Loads on Crumple Joint

15. DL+LL DL+LL Tarfelt Slab Thermal Stresses Seismic Forces Crumple Joint Under Loads

16. Disintegrated Polysulphide The way joints are generally Sealed

17. JOINT COVERED !!

18. Cracked Cover of the Building Joint

19. Cracked Polysulphide

20. Wet Areas

21. Dampness in Sunken Floors Ceramic Tiles Floor Finish Neat Cement Joint Accumulated Water

22. Finished Floor Level Floor Traps Leakage through Floor Traps Major Source of Leakage

23. RISING DAMPNESSIN WALLS

26. Rise related to Capillary Diameter Rise of Water by Capillary Action Considering average capillary dia in masonry, the rise is roughly 1.5 mtrs

27. Skirting Floor DPC GL Sub Base GWT Rise of Ground Water into Walls

28. Skirting Floor DPC GL Sub Base Entry of Surface Water into Walls

29. Water Proof Water Repellent

30. Water Repellency

31. Major Cause of Porosity Uncontrolled Water Cement Ratio

32. Continuous Capillaries in Concrete

33. Coefficient of Permeability Water/Cement Ratio Water/Cement Ratio V/s Permeability

34. AGE AT WHICH CAPILLARIES BECOME SEGMENTED

35. Effect of W/C Ratio on Concrete Workability with Plasticizer Strength/Workability Water Cement Ratio

36. Water Cement Ratio !! All Said & Done ‘The Man’ with the “Dibba” at the Mixer Continues to control this vital factor at most sites. What are we doing about it?

37. How to Reduce W/C Ratio? Use Plasticisers

38. Plasticisers/ Super Plasticizers • These are workability enhancers/water reducers • Can be used as accelerators or retarders • Air Entraining Agents • Must comply with IS 9103

39. Review of use of Bituminous Products for Waterproofing • Not Compatible to most building materials • NotBreathable • Not Resistant to UV Rays

40. Review of use of Bituminous products for Waterproofing • Uniform Application difficult due to viscosity • Generally grade 80/100 used instead of 80/20 or 85/25. • Over coating by tarfelt/polythene sheets prone to wrinkles & folds

41. Review of use of Bituminous products for Waterproofing • Subsequent application by different materials not possible. Coatings have to be chipped off • Prone to Blistering & Pealing • Not Eco Friendly

42. Prerequisites of Waterproofing Systems • Breathability • Compatibility • Ease of Application • Flexibility against thermal movement

43. Prerequisites of Waterproofing Systems • Wear Resistance • Bonding with substrate • Eco Friendly • Cost effectiveness

44. Selection of Materials • Load carrying capacityof basic substrate • Criteria forabrasion/chemical resistance& color • Geometryof surface

45. Selection of Materials…. • Slopeand inclination of Roof • Climatic conditionsviz thermal & rainfall • Level ofGWT & presence of chemicals

46. Selection of Materials…. • Accessibilityduring repair & service conditions • Crack Bridging Capability • Maintenance requirements& criteria

47. Stages involved in Waterproofing • Investigation & Diagnosis • Selection of materials & systems • Design & specifications for the system

48. Stages involved in Waterproofing • Application & Supervision • Maintenance

49. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS • Mud Phuska & Tiles over Bitumen • Brick Bat Coba/ Lime Terracing • Ferro Cement Topping • Tar Felt Treatment

50. MODERN SYSTEMS • Grouting • Modified Bituminous Systems • Single Ply Membranes