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Explore the political landscape in Iraq, assess US involvement's impact, review democracy obstacles from religion and external influences, then propose viable political alternatives for a stable government. Analysis includes staying the course, immediate withdrawal, phased withdrawal, increased troop levels, internationalizing efforts, and the three-state solution.
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Law of Nationbuilding TOPIC: Viable Alternatives to Build a Stable Government in the Iraqi Political Environment Joel Roberson Fall 2006
BASIC PAPER OUTLINE Four Major Points… • Political Landscape in Iraq: Develop a historically accurate description of the Iraqi political system • US Political Invention: Measure the progress of the first three years of US military and civilian rebuilding of Iraq • Factors Hindering Democracy: Evaluate the effect religion and other countries have on Iraqi development • Alternative Political Solutions: Propose alternative political schemes and evaluate their likely success
PROPOSED ALTERNATIVES • Stay the Course • Immediate Withdrawal • Phased Withdrawal • Increased Troop Levels • Internationalize the Nationbuilding • Three-State Solution
Stay the Course • Proposal: Continue reconstruction and troop training programs; encourage Iraqis to step up. • President George W. Bush: “As Iraqis stand up, we will stand down” 11/19/05, Address to Troops in South Korea
Immediate Withdrawal • Proposal: Pull US troops out of Iraq as soon as possible; Turn nationbuilding over to the Iraqis • Rep. John Murtha: “[W]e have become a catalyst for violence. . . It's time to bring them home.“11/17/05, Press Conference
Phased Withdrawal • Proposal: Withdrawal troops over a scheduled timetable and strategically realign them throughout the world • Sen. Carl Levin: “[W]e should pressure the White House to commence the phased redeployment of U.S. troops from Iraq in four to six months…make it clear to the Iraqis that our presence is not open-ended and that they must take and make the necessary political compromises to preserve Iraq as a nation.” 11/14/06, CNN
Increased Troop Presence • Proposal: Increase troop levels to provide the manpower to create a stable government • Sen. John McCain: “The simple truth is that we do not have sufficient forces in Iraq to meet our military objectives.” 11/6/03, USA Today
Internationalize the Effort • Proposal:Turn Iraq reconstruction over to an international force that has experience in political infrastructure creation • John Kerry: “[W]e have to truly internationalize both politically and militarily: we cannot depend on a US-only presence.”4/30/04, Remarks to Westminister College
Three State Solution • Proposal: Divide Iraq into: 1) three separate nation-states, or 2) three states with a weak central government • Peter Galbraith: “The most realistic option is for the U.S. to abandon the idea of creating a new, united Iraq and instead allow the country to break apart, enabling each of the country's three groups to choose its own government and provide for its own security. 11/5/06, Time Magazine • Sen. Joe Biden: “[M]aintain a united Iraq by decentralizing it, giving each ethno-religious group…room to run its own affairs, while leaving the central government in charge of common interests” 5/1/06, New York Times