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Leaf Presentations

Learn about the different types of trees and how to identify them based on their leaf characteristics. This review material focuses on step 1, which covers tree types and leaf classifications.

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Leaf Presentations

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  1. Leaf Presentations Review Material

  2. Step 1: Tree Type • When identifying trees, you will need to determine whether they are conifers or deciduous trees. • --Gymnosperms are a taxonomic class that includes plants whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovule (like a pine cone). Gymnosperm means as "naked seed". This group is often referred to as softwoods. Gymnosperms usually have needles that stay green throughout the year. Examples are pines, cedars, spruces and firs. Some gymnosperms do drop their leaves - ginkgo, dawn redwood, and baldcypress, to name a few.

  3. Conifer Examples

  4. Tree Type • Angiosperms are a taxonomic class of plants in which the mature seed is surrounded by the ovule (think of an apple). This group is often referred to as hardwoods. Angiosperms are trees have broad leaves that usually change color and die every autumn. Oaks, maples and dogwoods are examples of deciduous trees. Some angiosperms that hold their leaves include rhododendron, live oak, and sweetbay magnolia.

  5. Angiosperm

  6. Step 2: Branching Pattern • Leaves either grow on opposite or alternate sides of a twig. If they are growing on opposite sides of a twig, there is a very good chance that the tree is a maple, ash or dogwood. • Buds will also be on opposite or alternate sides of a twig. This is very helpful during winter tree identification

  7. Mad Dog Chases a Buckeye!

  8. Leaf Parts • Major parts we need to know are • Apex: tip of leaf • Petitole: Stalk • Midrib(vein): Central • Blade: expanded portion • Stipule: A growth at base of petitole, leaves scars on the twig when dropped

  9. Step 3: Leaf Types • Individual leaves can also be classified as either simple or compound (several to many leaflets per leaf) • Simple Leaves have a single leaf blade.

  10. Step 3: Leaf Types • Compound leaves have several leaflets attached to a midrib or rachis.  The rachis is not particularly woody and no buds occur at the base of the leaflets. • Actually this type of compound is know as pinnately compound.

  11. Step 4: Margins • Leaf margins (the edge around the leaf) can have many different forms. • When tiny to large coarse teeth are present along the margins it is said to be Serrate. • Serrate comes in many forms such as fine, coarse, single, or double toothed but for us we’ll just define it as serrate.

  12. Step 4: Margins • Other trees have lobed leaves; that is, the blade is divided into lobes by shallow to deep notches. • The parts of the blade that extend from the leaf are called lobes the indentations are called sinuses. • Sometimes Lobes and serrate come in combination too!

  13. Step 4: Margins • If the margin of the leaf is smooth and unvaried the leaf is said to be entire.

  14. Step 5: Vein Patterns or Compound Patterns • The pattern the veins make in a leaf can described commonly as either; • *Pinnate (arcuate) • *Palmate • Parallel • Reticulate

  15. Step 5: Vein Patterns or Compound Patterns • For our purposes we’ll use only pinnate and palmate with arcuate falling under pinnate. • Compound leaves fall under these descriptions too but all of our leaves will be pinnately compound.

  16. Step 6: Basic Leaf Shapes Egg or Ovoid Elliptical or Oval Lanceolate

  17. Step 6: Basic Leaf Shapes Feather Lobed or pinnately lobed Fan-lobed or Palmately Lobed Heart Shaped or Cordate

  18. Step 6: Basic Leaf Shapes Narrow or linear Wedge or Obovate Acicular

  19. Step 6: Conifer Leaves • Leaves can grow on conifers as either scales, single needles, or in groups called fascicles. Cedar leaves grow as scales.  Spruces, firs, hemlocks as well as others grow single needles.  Pines grow needles in fascicles. • Remember the shape is usually considered acicular for the needles

  20. Step 6: Conifer Leaves Scales Single-Needle # needles per fascicle

  21. Dog Wood • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Egg

  22. Loblolly Pine • Needles in Cluster • 3 • Length • 5-7 inches

  23. Red Bud • Margins - Entire • Venation - Palmate • Type - Simple • Shape - Heart

  24. Willow Oak • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - narrow

  25. Walnut • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Pinnately compound • Shape - Oval

  26. Winged Elm • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Elliptical

  27. Sweet Gum • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Palmate • Type - Simple • Shape - Fan

  28. Eastern Red Cedar • Scales

  29. Red Maple • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Palmate • Type - Simple • Shape - Fan

  30. Crape Myrtle • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Elliptical

  31. White Oak • Margins - lobed • Venation - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Feather

  32. American Beech • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Elliptical

  33. Tulip Poplar • Margins - Lobed • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Fan

  34. Short Leaf Pine • Needles to a cluster • Two • Size • 3-5 inches

  35. Scarlet Oak • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Feather

  36. American Holly • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Elliptical

  37. Black Cherry Tree • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - oval

  38. Butternut, Sand Hickory • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Pinnately Compound • Shape - Elliptical

  39. Northern Red Oak • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Feather

  40. Sourwood • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - elliptical, narrow

  41. Water Oak • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Wedge

  42. Southern Magnolia • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - narrow

  43. Black Gum • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape – oval, Elliptical

  44. Ash • Margins - Serrate • Veination - Pinnate • Type - pinnately compound • Shape - narrow

  45. Post Oak • Margins - Lobed • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Feather

  46. Southern Red Oak • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Simple • Shape - Feather

  47. White Pine • Five needles to a cluster • soft needles • 3-5 inches long

  48. Southern Sugar Maple • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Palmate • Type - Simple • Shape - Fan

  49. Sycamore • Margins - Serrate and Lobed • Veination - Palmate • Type - Simple • Shape - Fan

  50. Mimmosa • Margins - Entire • Veination - Pinnate • Type - Bipinnatelycompound • Shape - narrow

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