Insights into Competitive Funding in French Research

1. The place of the competitive funding in the financing of French research. Some recent insights Dr. Philippe Freyssinet Conference Financing Higher Education - 28-29 June, 2013, Warsaw

2. % Domestic R&D expenditure / GDP Japan US D CA+EU27 UK OECD, 2011 www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

3. Competitive vs. non-competitive funding Highereducation Competitive Non competitive Sources : OECD (2012) / Futuris (2013) www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

4. Investments for the future National Loan 2010 – 2012 22 €Bln 05-07 10-12 OSEO Fund for pilots and demonstration Ministry of Industry Fund for clusters ANR OSEO Grants/loans for SMEs French funding system on R&D 2005 Project Size 5 to 50 M€ 1 to 5 M€ 0.1 to 0.5 M€ Industrial Research Academic Research Demonstration Market

5. 2008 : Increase x3 of the « ResearchTaxCredit » 5 Bln € in 2011 Research Tax Credit Financial amount (M€) 30% of R&D expenditures are credited 60% of R&D expenditures to public institutions are credited subsidies 2008

6. 2010-2012 : Investments for the future A National Loan of 35 Bln €, of which 22 Bln € for Research and Higher Education About 15-30 % granted, and distribution of interests (3.4%) over 10 years A new approach to funding R&D policies … For the first time in France, competitive calls concerned large equipments, but also creation of new research organisations - No targeted calls A bottom up policy Very large projects from X0 M€ to X00 M€ Important funding www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

7. A set of interconnected instruments EXCELLENCE INITIATIVES (IDEX) 7,7 Bln€ Large campus Technological Research Institutes 2 Bln€ Low Carbon Energy Institutes 1 Bln€ Creation of new organisations 3 Levels Of project size &complexity Medicalresearch Institutes 0,85 Bln€ Excellence Laboratories (Labex) 1 Bln€ Lab level Excellence Equipments (Equipex) 1 Bln€ 7

8. The outcomes of the selectionprocess 4 Technology Research Inst. Large Campus IDEX

9. 16 institutions in partnership 14 000 étudiants (>70% Master degree) 2 Nobel price, 4 Fields Medals, 4 CNRS gold medal Objective : to create a large research university within the heart of Paris Strongly multi-disciplinary                       Funding 750M€ www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

10. NanoElec – A TRI on nanotechnologies • An investment of 460 M€/ 10yrs • 50% investmentfromprivatesector • 3 major programs • Core technologies program 310M€ • Technologytransfer 70 M€ • Education 50M€ Research Education Companies www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

11. What lessons do we draw from that ? • A public policy largely based on a bottom up process, without political influence • Priority given to project excellence (and not to land management) • The process provided a good picture of today’s excellence in France • A tremendous effort of the management of research institutions to submit original projects • It raised unexpected and creative partnerships at high level (i.e. Paris region) • A relatively fast process compared to conventional top-down reforms www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

12. What’s next ? • Will we observe a « compensation policy » in favor of those who were not funded ? Or an increase of the contrast ? • Will that fast and competitive process generate severe weaknesses in the projects (governance, complexity,…) ? • Will the dynamics of the competitive process survive to bureaucraty ? www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en

13. Thank you for your attention ! www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en