Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and the Turning Point of the War

1. Gettysburg,Vicksburg, and the Turning Point of the War By James, Nicholas, Jamie, and Ryan.

2. In 1863, no one was winning • The south was being defensive. • They wanted the war to end. • The North wasn’t getting tired of fighting. • The war was being fought on Southern soil.

3. Winfield Scott Union General

4. Winfield Scott • Born in Virginia, but loyal to the Union. • Felt the war was wrong, and wanted as little bloodshed as possible. • Came up with “The Anaconda Plan”

5. The Anaconda Plan

6. The Anaconda Plan • Military strategy thought of by Gen. Scott. • The plan aimed to cause economic stress in the South. • Thought to be the safest way to end the war. • Controlled shipment and trade in the South. • To control shipment and trade, they had to control the Mississippi.

7. Battle of Vicksburg

8. Vicksburg • Vicksburg was a fortress city. • It was well fortified. • Vicksburg was an important Confederate Base. • Many confederate troops were at Vicksburg. • Vicksburg dominated the last Confederate controlled part of the Mississippi river. • Union invaded for “The Anaconda Plan”

9. Ulysses S. Grant Major General in the Union Army

10. Battle of Vicksburg • If General Grant could capture Vicksburg, the Union would control the Mississippi. • General Grant took 35,000 union troops to besiege Vicksburg.

11. John C. Pemberton Lt. General, CSA

12. Battle of Vicksburg • More than three quarters of Pemberton’s army at Vicksburg had been lost in other battles. • He expected General Joseph E. Johnston to rescue Vicksburg, but Johnston didn’t.

14. Battle of Vicksburg • Pemberton had only 18,500 soldiers, competing against Grant’s 35,000. • Pemberton’s army had the advantage of the terrain and fortifications around Vicksburg.

15. First Battle, May 19th, 1863 • General Grant attacked Vicksburg. • Pemberton’s army was ready and used their fortifications well. • Union moral was low. They had nearly 1000 casualties, 157 of which were deaths. • Only 8 Confederates died.

16. Second Battle, May 22nd, 1863 • Grant attacked again on May 22nd. • He didn’t want a long siege. • This time, he got reinforcements. • The Union army had over 3,000 casualties, while the Confederates had under 500.

17. Siege of Vicksburg • Instead of another battle, Grant decided to besiege Vicksburg instead. • Union troops built trenches around the confederate territory. • The confederates were trapped. • A month later, on July 3rd, 1863, Pemberton surrendered.

18. The South took a big hit • The South took a big hit from the loss of Vicksburg. • The North wasn’t being hurt at all. In fact, the Union now controlled the Mississippi. • The only way to win, was to convince the North that they were losing more than they were gaining from fighting.

19. General Robert E. Lee General-in-Chief of all Confederate Armies

20. Robert E. Lee wanted to attack the North • He knew that he couldn’t keep the north away from the south forever. • He wanted to invade the North. • Lee wanted to win a big battle on Union soil. • If the north hurt, they would want to stop the war, and leave the South alone. • Union attention away from Vicksburg • His plan was to attack at Gettysburg.

21. Battle of Gettysburg

22. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

24. Gettysburg • Gettysburg is a town in Pennsylvania. • Pennsylvania is a northern state. • Robert E. Lee hoped to turn the tides by winning Gettysburg. • Second major battle fought on Union soil. • Robert E. Lee attacks Gettysburg to try and get attention away from Vicksburg.

25. General George Meade

26. George Meade • George Meade was a General officer of the Union Army. • He led the United States Army in the Battle of Gettysburg. • Gen. Meade led the Army of the Potomac in Pennsylvania • Meade’s Inspirational leadership led the Union to win at Gettysburg.

28. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 • Gettysburg was a huge battle, ending with over 51,000 either dead, wounded, or missing. • Second major battle fought on Union soil. • Turning point in the war. • Union victory. • It was the bloodiest battle in the war

29. What happened after Gettysburg • A cemetery was built on the battlefield as a final resting place for Union soldiers. • Confederate soldiers were shipped off to different areas of the South to be buried. • A large ceremony was put in order to consecrate the battlefield. • Poets, speakers, and President Lincoln were called in to speak for a ceremony.

30. Confederacy is Losing • The Confederates was completely ensnared by the Anaconda Plan. • No control over the Mississippi river, making shipment along it impossible. • Huge confederate casualties. • Embarrassing for the Confederates, making it impossible for other help from other countries. • Confederacy lost its way into the Union.

31. The Turning Point of the War, 1863 • The confederacy was split along the Mississippi river. • They couldn’t ship supplies and goods. • The north had repelled Lee’s invasion. • The south had no way to win.