Hispania

1. Hispania By Brian Guymon

2. Timeline of Hispania • 1st Millennium BCE – First Indo- European speakers enter Iberian peninsula • 7thCenturyBCE – Phoenician development around city of Tartessos (South Peninsula) which was rich and metals and good for trade • 236 BCE - Carthaginian General HamilcarBarca invades Iderian Peninsula • 210 BCE - Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanuswith 10,000 Roman troops enters Iberia • 197 BCE – Roman provincial administration. Gaius SempronisTuditanus divides the peninsula into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Criterior • 19 BCE - Augustus completes conquest of Hispania in Cantabrian Wars • 409 CE – 718 CE – Rome loses jurisdiction of Hispania, though legions still on guard in area. Iberian peninsula controlled by German Visigoths • 552 CE – Byzantine Empire takes control of Hispania (Spania) for a short period under Roman Emperor Justinian I • 718 CE – 1031 CE – Moorish Hispania. Muslims from Northern Africa invade and rule • 1492 CE - Reqonquista(Christian conquest of Hispania from the Moors) Forms several Christian Kingdoms most of which merged into the single country of Spain

3. Before Rome • The Phoenicians • Western Coast • Traded Silver, Copper, and Tin • The Celts • From Central Europe, settled in the West and Central peninsula • Farmers and Herders • Merged with indigenous people to form the Celtiberians • The Greeks • Several colonies on Mediterranean coast

4. Carthage in Hispania • First Punic War • Carthage loses Spain so rebuilds commercial empire in Iberia • HamilcarBarca • Originally used area commercially • Trade of silver, salt, fish, olive oil, wine • Now wanted military presence • Culture was very much influenced by Carthage • Mostly used for trade and military • Hannibal comes to power • Second Punic War • Carthage loses Iberia to Rome in peace treaty in 201 BCE • Roman jurisdiction begins

5. Roman Conquest • 197 BCE, Iberian peninsula is broken up into two regions • Each governed by two biannual proconsuls • Hispania Citerior to the North with capitol at Tarraco • Hispania Ulterior to the South with capitol at Cordoba • Site of many rebellions by native Iberians but were controlled by consul Marcus Cato • Defeated rebels and sold many into slavery • Brought back gold, silver, and coins to Roman Senate from Iberian tribes

7. The Next Steps • 189 BCE Rome expands to the area of Lisitania • 179 BCE Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeats Celtic tribes in Central peninsula • Finally, nearly entire peninsula is under Roman control after Augustus wins Cantabrian Wars

9. Politics, Culture, Economy • Now split into three regions: Baetica, Lusitania, and Tarraconesis • Each of the three regions was governed by a proconsul • Some people of the Iberian peninsula helped govern • Still aristocratic tribes • Much of Hispania had become Romanized • Adopted language, entertainment, and most importantly religion

10. Hadrian Tajan

12. Economy • Large economic expansion under Roman rule • Hispania provided grain • Agricultural production increased with new irrigation systems • Most importantly though metal • Gold, tin, silver, lead

14. After Roman Rule • 476 CE Collapse of Western Roman Empire • 585 CE Germanic group Visigoths take over • Further spread Christianity throughout peninsula • Eastern Emperor Justinian I • Invasions of the Moors: Muslim group from North Africa • Peninsula divided between Christians and Muslims though collectively now referred to as Spain • Reconquista • Christians taking back peninsula from the Moors

15. Why you should come to Hispania • Great economic opportunities • Farming • Precious Metals • Relative stability under Roman rule for 400 years • Rich in culture • Entertainment • Baths • Very Romanized