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ECE College Program: Module 3 - Explanatory Style & Putting It In Perspective

This module explores the beliefs involved in resilient thinking, including optimism vs pessimism, self-efficacy vs helplessness, and the 3 C's of hardiness. Learn how to develop accurate and flexible explanations, and put things in perspective using Seligman's six questions.

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ECE College Program: Module 3 - Explanatory Style & Putting It In Perspective

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  1. ECE College Program Curriculum Module 3 Explanatory Style &Putting It In Perspective

  2. Beliefs Involved in Resilient Thinking • Optimism vs. Pessimism • Self-efficacy vs. Helplessness • Hardiness • Control • Commitment • Challenge

  3. Optimism & Resilience • Hopeful outlook • Capable rather than helpless • Better adjustment to stress & negative events • Lower risk of anxiety & depression • Better physical health

  4. Self Efficacy & Resilience • Beliefs about: • our ability to cope • resources available • Predict feelings & behaviour

  5. 3 C’s of Hardiness Commitment • Resilient people believe what they do is important Control • Resilient people believe they can influence outcomes Challenge • Resilient people consider a demand to be a challenge rather than a threat Kobasa, S.C., Maddi, S. R., Puccetti, M.C. & Zola, M.A. 1985. Effectiveness of hardiness, exerciseand social support resources against illness. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29, 525-533.

  6. Explanations of Negative Events Negative explanatory style is related to: • Lower grades • Lower immune system functioning • More visits to doctors • Poor health in middle & late adulthood • Depression

  7. Dimensions of Explanatory Style • Personalization • Who is to blame? • Permanence • How long will it last? • Pervasiveness • How much of my life will be affected? Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, K., Jaycox, L. & Gillham, J. 1995. The Optimistic Child. New York: Harper Perennial.

  8. Elements of a Negative Explanatory Style • Belief that blame rests squarely on some personal characteristic of oneself • Belief that problems are long-lasting • Belief that problems affect all aspects of one’s life

  9. Accurate & Flexible Explanations • Take into account possibility of multiple causes • Assess problems as temporary • Understand that problems affect only some areas of one’s life

  10. Why Do We Develop Inaccurate Thinking Habits? • Humans seem compelled to explain the world around them • Often we do not have complete information • Number of explanations is high • We develop short cuts in our thinking

  11. Development of a Negative Explanatory Style • Biological influences • Parenting style – modeling • Attachment relationships • Predictability of early childhood environments

  12. Increasing the Accuracy of Our Explanations Ask three questions: • Who is to blame? Consider multiple causes • How long will it last? Be realistic, consider your capacity to adjust • How much of my life will be affected? Think about areas of your life that will be affected the least Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, K., Jaycox, L. & Gillham, J. 1995. The Optimistic Child. New York: Harper Perennial.

  13. Putting it In Perspective Seligman’s Six Questions: • What is the worst thing that can happen? • What is one thing I can do to help stop the worst thing from happening? • What is the best thing that can happen? • What is one thing I can do to make the best thing happen? • What is the most likely thing that will happen? • What can I do to handle the most likely thing if it happens? Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, K., Jaycox, L. & Gillham, J. 1995. The Optimistic Child. New York: Harper Perennial.

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