Quiz Day Questions

1. Quiz Day Questions Social Psychology Fall 2017

2. Disclaimer • These are examples of past exam questions or questions submitted by peers NOT • The identical questions as those that will be on YOUR exam. • Not an exhaustive coverage of every topic we examined over the past few weeks (other things not asked in these many slides may still be on the test – check the notes guides for each class). • Questions about text or syllabus (which are possibilities on your actual exam, up to 30% may be questions from readings).

3. Disclaimer • This is social psychology, so acknowledge the power of the situation & cognitive biases: • Acing these questions in the privacy of your home does not guarantee acing the exam (you still need to study) as the stress-levels of the environments are completely different. • Further, here you are provided instantly with the answer which you could convince yourself that you knew or “meant to answer” building false confidence. • Best to fairly quiz yourself: write down answers before checking accuracy, score on a scale of 1-10 how confident you are in that answer, then grade yourself and figure out WHY you got things wrong and review the concepts you gave lower confidence scores to.

4. In class, we watched a video of a dog attacking its own foot for getting too close to its bone. This dog seems to even lack the most basic_____________ self-awareness. • Symbolic • Subjective • Objective • Abstract

5. Mary is walking up the stairs when she trips. Reflecting on her behavior, she infers “boy, am I clumsy.” Mary has just illustrated… A) self-perception processes B) self-verification processes C) self-enhancement processes D) confirmation bias

6. Milgram used ______, a technique where the researcher deliberately lies to the participant about the experiment they are partaking in. • deception • debriefing • delusion • bogus pipeline

7. When Milgram used a cover story, deliberately misleading the participant about the rationale for the experiment This is an example of ___________ A) Active deception B) Destructive debriefing C) Second order deluding D) First order deception

8. Keeping with the last question, research has shown that the use of deception in research is… • Inherently harmful to participants • Is no more harmful than non-deception research • Can actually be beneficial to participants (e.g. they enjoy the study more, feel they learned more) • Both B & C

9. Mammals have larger neocortices if… • They are folivores • They are nonmonogamous • They have bigger bodies • They live in larger groups

10. Brandi is interested in increasing the sales of lettuce in her supermarket. So she sets up a display table at the entrance and as people come in she asks them: “Would you like to buy some Lettoose? It’s really good for you.” Brandi is using what social influence technique? A.) Disrupt-then-reframe B.) Pique technique C.) Availability heuristic D.) Action-identification

11. In an experimental study of the effects of gum chewing on math exam performance, gum chewing would be the __________variable. • independent • dependent • control • confounding

12. Donald can’t imagine his life without Daisy. He thinks he would be absolutely devastated if they broke up. Yet when she does leave him for some Daffy other guy, he finds he is over it in two weeks. Donald’s overestimate of his reaction is an example of what? • Framing effects • Retrospective impact biases • Prospective impact biases • Disney syndrome

13. Self-complexity refers to _____. A) the extent and type (upward vs. downward) of social comparisons we make B) how many positive vs. negative characteristics we have C) an independent vs. relational self-concept D) the similarity vs. difference of the organization of the self-concept across contexts

14. The degree to which individuals regulate/alter their behavior based on the situation is referred to as _____. A) self-complexity B) self-efficacy C) self-monitoring D) self-esteem

15. The equation B = f(P,E) means what? • Behavior is a function of the interaction of the person and the environment • Biology is as important as Psychological and Environmental variables combined • Behavior is a result of Personality Variables interacting with Emotion • None of the above

16. Mario wants to see whether the gender of the test giver affects math test performance. He divides 100 students into two groups. Group A is administered by a man; Group B is administered by a woman. Mario tallies the results of each group for comparison. What type of study is this? • correlational • experimental • survey • quasi-experiment

17. Keeping with the last question, what is Mario’s dependent variable? • Gender of test taker • Gender of test administrator • Math performance • Both A & B

18. The _______________ argues that primates evolved bigger brains in order to help them figure out and digest more complex foods. • Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesis • Social Brain hypothesis • Folivore hypothesis • Ecological hypothesis

19. Evidence has shown that, aside from humans, while most animals exhibit __________ only a handful have been shown to have __________. • Symbolic…Objective • None…Subjective • Subjective…Objective • Objective…Symbolic

20. Based on the principles of implicit egotism, Sally is more likely to: • Like food that she prepared with her own special ritual • Be more implicitly than explicitly motivated • Like salamanders and date a guy named Saul • Place too high a price on her personal items at a garage sale

21. You and a friend decide to go eat dinner at a restaurant. Before you even get there, you know to wait to be seated, that you will order your drink before you order your meal, and that you will pay at the end of the meal. Your knowledge of what will happen before you even get to the restaurant is a: • Script • Schema • Stereotype • Heuristic

22. The following is an example of what cognitive error: “people who exercise regularly underestimate the number of other people who also exercise regularly”. • Base rate fallacy • Statistical regression • False uniqueness effect • Illusory correlation

23. Due to an error in scoring his IQ test, Bobby was placed in the gifted class. He performed very well throughout the school year, so the principal was surprised to get the revised scores revealing that Bobby was only an average student. Bobby’s performance is an example of: • the fundamental attribution error • overconfidence barrier • planning fallacy • behavioral confirmation

24. The social brain hypothesis argues: • Brains evolved to help us acquire & process more complex foods • The “self” is more of a organizing structure to help us navigate social systems • The neocortex evolved as it did primarily to help us manipulate others • The brain evolved to help us negotiate increasing complex social networks.

25. What is the neocortex ratio? A. Difference in weight between the total brain and the neocortex B. A comparison of the weight of the neocortex to the weight of the “old brain” (mammalian + lizard brain) C. Dividing the neocortex weight by the total brain weight D. None of the above

26. Felix thinks of himself as a bright student but he received 68 on the physics midterm. Felix thinks that the professor made the test too difficult. What social psychological phenomenon is he demonstrating? • self-serving bias • fundamental attribution error • internal attribution error • actor-observer bias

27. Increases in celebrity suicides are linked to increases in plane crashes. This is an example of: • false consensus effect • counterfactual thinking • base rate fallacy • an illusory correlation

28. Jabari is mortified when he spills hot coffee on his new boss during his first conference meeting. Social neuroscience would predict activation in which part of his brain? • Ventral prefrontal cortex • Pregenual anterior cortex • Hippocampus • Lateral occipital cortex

29. Terrence doesn’t know how he is going to fare against a top ranked tennis opponent in tomorrow’s match, so rather than practice, he decides to go to a party to relax – getting home at 3am when his match is at 8am. Terrence is exhibiting what? • Overconfidence barrier • Self-handicapping • Self-evaluation maintenance theory • Hot hand fallacy

30. Chuck and Blair broke up over the summer and spent a few months apart. When they came back to school for the Fall, Blair thought it would be easy for her to win Chuck’s heart back because they have always broken up and easily gotten back together. Blair is falling victim to the ____________heuristic by being able to easily imagine her and Chuck getting back together, because that is how it has always been before. • Representative • Availability • Simulation • Anchoring

31. At what age do humans obtain an objective sense of self? • 6 months • 12 months • 18 months • 24 months

32. Tate is over 6 ft 5 inches tall, is athletic, and wears shorts a lot, so people naturally assume that he is a basketball player. This is an example of • Prejudice • Representativeness heuristic • Simulation heuristic • Script

33. Meredith, Pablo, Vani, and Bill all auditioned for MSU Idol and did not make the cut. Which person commits the actor-observer bias? • Meredith: “None of us could sing, anyway.” • Pablo: “The other losers have no talent. Me? I guess the judges don’t appreciate a good baritone.” • Vani: “I knew I wouldn’t win. Just tried out for laughs.” • Bill: “I should have practiced that song a little more before trying out.”

34. According to self-determination theory, I will persist on an activity more if: • I have high self-esteem • If I am implicitly motivated • If I am extrinsically motivated • If I am intrinsically motivated

35. Fred worried about flying. He believes the odds of being involved in a crash are high because he can remember hearing about plane crashes in the news. This is an example of________: • magical thinking • false-consensus effect • availability heuristic • representativeness heuristic

36. To get more customers in the door, instead of having a sale where everything is 20% off, Oscar advertises that everything is 17% off. He gets more customers even though the sale is less that one might expect? Oscar is using what social influence technique? A.) Disrupt-then-reframe B.) Pique technique C.) Availability heuristic D.) Action-identification

37. According to self-evaluation maintenance theory, we are most likely to sabotage a friend’s performance instead of a stranger’s when: • When we outperform them on a task that is extremely important to our self-concept. • When they outperform us on a task, and distancing ourself from our poor performance on the task is not an option. • When they outperform us on a task that is highly self-relevant and we are uncertain about our abilities. • Never – always more likely to sabotage a stranger than a friend

38. When we compare ourselves to others who are less capable, we are engaged in a(n) _____. A) downward attribution B) upward attribution C) downward social comparison D) upward social comparison

39. To an American, the statement "I am who I am, regardless of who my family is" highlights the perception that one's self-concept is _____. A) independent B) interdependent C) directly tied to situational contexts D) resistant to change

40. According to the tenets of self-evaluation maintenance theory, which of the following people is most likely to distance themselves from a friend who outperforms them on their psych exam: • Jessie for whom good grades are central to her identity, in part because she always gets them. • Jaden who is uncertain he is doing well in psych, and really wants to be a psychologist. • Jeri who places more importance on completing a course than the grade she gets, but is certain she will be fine in the long run. • Jeremy who isn’t doing well to begin with, and so decides he doesn’t care.

41. People regularly avoid going out on Friday the 13th, yet evidence is quite mixed as to whether car accidents (or any accidents) are higher on that day (in fact a 1993 study suggested car accidents are lower because more people stay home). Yet people continue to think of this day as unlucky. This is an example of: • Neglect of probability • Omission bias • Magical thinking • Negativity bias

42. People who feel lonely all the time have less grey matter in this area of the brain associated with accurately interpreting social cues (such as whether others like you)? A) Eeyore sulcus B) Entorhinal cortex C) Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus D) Medial Prefrontal Cortex

43. If the findings from the Sallet & Rushworth’s (2011) study with macaques extends to the human race, we could expect that: • Each additional friend we make could lead to 3-8% in neocortical grey matter growth. • Members of sororities and fraternities – socially complex groups – likely have 20% more grey matter than those not in Greek societies. • Having more Facebook friends can lead to more white matter growth in areas of the brain associated with social perceptions (understanding other’s intentions). • Spending more time on Facebook can lead to greater feelings of loneliness resulting in less grey matter in areas of the brain responsible for processing social cues.

44. Sometimes known as the gateway between the hippocampus and the neocortex, this part of the brain is associated with recognizing people and their relationships with others you know. A) Alzheimer’s sulcus B) Entorhinal cortex C) Facebook friendzone D) Left middle temporal gyrus

45. According to Robin Dunbar, humans can only have about _______ relationships within their social network before the ability to maintain excess relationships deteriorates. A) 25 B) 150 C) 300 D) 560

46. The Sallet & Rushworth study wherein monkeys were raised alone, in pairs, or in groups revealed what? A) links between grey matter density in the brain and group size was merely correlational. B) grey matter density increased when monkeys were isolated from the confounding presence of others. C) grey matter density increased when monkeys were assigned to larger groups rather than alone. D) Both A & D

47. When orphans and the elderly slowly die due to the absence of human contact and interaction, this is known as_____________. A) marasmus B) failure to thrive C) attachment disorder D) negativity bias

48. Applying what you know about the BIRGing effect, what are fairweather MSU fans most likely to say after the recent football game loss? A) “We did really great” B) “They really rocked that game” C) “Everyone expected us to be able to beat Tulane anyway.” D) Impossible to predict

49. Mark is a real amateur when it comes to art, but Denise, his wife, is a pro. According to research on the inclusion of other in self effect, when Mark is asked if he is artistic, he will likely: • Respond “no” right away • Respond “yes” right away • Hesitate to think about it, and then say “not really” • Hesitate to think about it, and then say “sure”

50. You conduct a study with conditions of an independent variable but non-random assignment to conditions (assignment to conditions determined by a co-factor). What type of study are you most likely conducting? A) experiment B) quasi-experiment C) non-experiment D) meta-analysis